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Navegando Dissertações por Assunto "13. Ação contra a mudança global do clima"
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- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Ambiente protegido: uma alternativa de cobertura com material reciclável(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-30) Fernandes, Flávia Regina Moreira; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Abi-Saab, Otavio Jorge Grígoli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1757-636X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384Cultivation on a protected environment generates microclimate changes favorable to the development of vegetables, which has become very common in the past few years among homelike farmers due to the increased productivity in small areas. Given the great influence of different spectral characteristics in plant development, this research was conducted in order to evaluate the physical parameters of coverage in a protected environment with recyclable materials (PET - polyethylene terephthalate) compared to the coverage with low density polyethylene (PEBD) regarding the indicated climate conditions given to the vegetables cultivation. The experiment was carried out from July 27 to August 26, 2015 on the Campus of Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Bandeirantes, PR. The protected environments contained dimensions of 2x3 m, 2.5 m in the right foot of eucalyptus and fall of 20%, surrounded with anti-aphids mesh and with plastic film in the skirt with 60 cm high, coverage with green bottle PET roof, coverage with transparent bottle PET, coverage with PEBD of 100µm with and without diffuser, installed in the East/West direction. The experimental design was a factorial 4 x 3 (four environments x three schedules) + external environment for the collection of data regarding the air temperature and relative humidity maximum air, medium and minimum and factorial 4 x 2 (four environments x two schedules) for data from the exposure time for the solar radiation reading, luminance and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in which it was studied the interactions of the factors by the analysis of variance and the means of the protected environments and for schedules compared by the F test at 5% of probability. In the protected environment A2 (coverage with green PET bottle) was registered the highest maximum and minimum internal temperature maximum in relation to the external environment. In the protected environment A2 (coverage with green PET bottle) was recorded a reduction of PAR and brightness compared to other treatments. The protected environment A4 (coverage with 100 µm without diffuser) presented less exposure time to read the solar radiation performed automatically by the spectroradiometer. The sources of variation: “protected environments” and “schedules” showed a significant interaction in the time of exposure to solar radiation reading. There was a significant reduction in the photosynthetically active radiation input (PAR) and light compared to the external environment in which the protected environment A2 recorded lower incidence of PAR and brightness compared to other treatments. A4 protected environment occurred less exposure time to read the solar radiation and interaction between sources of variation environments protected and the data acquisition time. The A2 environment showed a higher number of emerged seeds and emergency speed index, differing from the other treatments, which is the environment that provided better physical parameters for the smooth lettuce seed cultivation.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise das declarações do cadastro ambiental rural em relação as certificações de área do SIGEF(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023) Fonseca Junior, Edson José; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Duft, Daniel Garbellini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-9687; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1960620473831019Amidst controversy, the Brazilian Forest Code was sanctioned in 2012, together too a new tool for analyzing rural properties was created, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR). This is a electronic public record, mandatory for all rural properties, the purpose of integrating environmental information on rural properties and possessions referring to Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), of restricted use, Legal Reserve, remnants of forests and other forms of native vegetation, and consolidated areas, composing a database for control, monitoring, environmental and economic planning and combating deforestation. The registration tool has been demonstrating some divergences, in the georeferencing tab, which aims to identify information on land use and occupation and its perimeter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the divergences of information obtained by the CAR due to the different ways of inserting maps and to analyze the precision and accuracy of the topographic survey methods applied to the measurement of rural properties of different sizes and formats. The methodology recommended by SIGEF was adopted for georeferencing purposes, using conventional topography methods, the use of high-precision GNSS equipment and remote sensing. A map generated from Google Earth was produced for each property in a KML file. The maps obtained were inserted into the application for rural environmental registration made available by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment, on the orbital image contained therein, establishing comparisons for each of the methods. The data were processed in topographic automation software and, when possible, the coordinates were adjusted to the Brazilian Continuous Monitoring Network (RBMC). The analyzes of comparisons between the methods were performed Separated into four groups according to the size of the properties. We hope that the Rural Environmental Registry tool can facilitate environmental monitoring and, consequently, ecosystem service. The results showed us that the quality of the registration is directly linked to the quality of the georeferencing section of the CAR application, and when associated with the certification data we have a more reliable result of the declaration. Our data showed that due to the quality of the data used for the CAR declaration we can have positive and negative impacts mainly due to the increase in the provision of ecosystem services (eg water quality) and increase in production costs, respectively.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Atributos microbiológicos do solo sob sistemas integrados de produção(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-28) Souza, Dayane Aparecida de; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Grange, Luciana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7386401516676219; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Barreiros, Marco Antonio Bacellar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2950110570180689; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746Agriculture and livestock production systems are being degraded by poor management, including inappropriate fertiliser and pesticide use, intensified monoculture, and pasture degradation driven by inadequate grazing management. Improved land‑use practices such as integrated production systems therefore offer more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical and microbiological attributes across different production systems. Areas under integrated crop–livestock–forestry (agrosilvipastoral), integrated crop–livestock (agropastoral), conventional agriculture, and native forest (used as a reference condition) were studied. Microbiological assessments included microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and microbial quotient, together with functional groups of microorganisms and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonisation. Agronomic assessments recorded number of inflorescences and plant dry mass. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Across almost all measured parameters, integrated‑system sites supported larger microbial communities, higher soil organic matter content, lower environmental stress, more efficient nutrient supply, and greater plant dry mass than the conventional system. Within the integrated crop–livestock–forestry system, competition for water between trees and soybean in the tree rows impaired both crop development and the soil microbial community. By contrast, the inter‑row areas of the crop–livestock–forestry system and the integrated crop–livestock system presented more favourable environmental and soil conditions.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação in vitro da inclusão de diferentes concentrações de óleos na mitigação de metano em ruminantes(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016) Lima, Daniel Sampaio Ferreira; Tomich, Thierry Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7946491833504889; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Maeda, Emilyn Midori; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of oils in the diet on the kinetics of fermentation, degradability and methane production in vitro by the technique of cumulative gas production (PCG). The treatments consisted of inclusion levels (0%, 4%, 8% and 12%) of soybean oil, peanut oil, canola oil and sunflower oil to standard forage (Brachiaria), using a completely randomized design with thirteen treatments and three replications. Ruminal fermentation kinetics and methane production was assessed by semi-automatic vitro gas production technique. Ruminal fermentation kinetics in vitro, as well as the production of methane, oil and for different concentrations studied had similar behavior to each other, with no statistical difference between them. It can be concluded that the different sources and oil concentrations did not affect ruminal fermentation kinetics in vitro and greenhouse gas emissions, but the inclusion of different oils reduced the emission of CO2 and CH4 in all percentages. However there is still the need for more research in this area to clarify the boundaries between positive and negative effects of adding oil in the diet of ruminants.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Caracterização da silagem de sorgo forrageiro AGRI 002E(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Sbardella, Rafael Antonio; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Tinini, Rodrigo Cesar dos Reis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3699-4188; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3147495392080319; Nubiato, Keni Eduardo Zanoni; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8957-5457; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7558533573494842; Porto, Emília de Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-2533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7968074715970358The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of different dry matter contents and cutting heights on the silage of sorghum AGRI 002E, as well as the fermentative profile using different levels of urea and the bioeconomic value of the final product. Samples of raw and ensiled materials were subjected to analysis of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and ash. Plants harvested at 129 days at a height of 70 cm had the highest DM contents (30.77%); harvested at 114 days at a height of 30 cm had the highest content of CP (7.85%) (p<0.05) and ash (9.37%) (p<0.05). The highest costs for implementing the culture were with fuel for the machinery (34.62%), labor (29.23%) and with the use of fertilizers (23.16%), costing US$ 0.021 per kg/green matter (GM) and US$ 0.058 per kg/DM. The materials showed a tendency to increase DM with advancing age and higher heights, in which the values ranged from 25.77 to 30.77% for the age of 129 days and from 29.41 to 30.11% for the material with 144 days, respectively. The same response was observed for the productivity of green matter (GM) and dry matter per area, with the highest yields for the height of 30 cm (8.39, 12.09 and 14.09 tons/ha of DM). At the end of the 30 days of the fermentation period, the material at 114 days, cut to 70 cm and with the addition of 0.25% of urea, showed a CP content of 6.11%, being higher compared to the others (p<0.05). At 144 days of age, on the first day of opening the silos, the 50 cm cut with the inclusion of 0.5% urea showed a CP content of 9.85% (p<0.05), and from the seventh opening day, all materials showed similar levels of this nutrient among themselves (p>0.05). Regarding productivity, the highest production of green matter (GMP) and dry matter (DMP) was from plants cut with 144 days with 30 cm, also presenting the lowest cost (47.92 tons/ha of GM; 14.09 tons /ha of DM; US$ 0.019; US$ 0.067 kg DM). About the cost of the culture, the plants ensiled with 144 days had a lower value compared to those with 114 and 129 days (US$ 0.111 e US$ 0.078 kg DM, respectively), where the cutting height resulted in a better return, with silage cut at a height of 30 cm being cheaper compared to heights of 50 and 70 cm (US$ 0.067; US$ 0.071 e US$ 0.074 kg DM, respectively). There is an increase in the DM of the plant as the cutting height increases; the highest GM yields were for materials cut at a height of 30 cm. Plants harvested with lower DM contents facilitate the compaction process, but generate greater losses by effluents, while plants with the advance of the cycle present higher DM levels, it was observed that there was an increase in CP with the increase in the inclusion of urea and when perform the management of height increase at the time of cutting, there is an increase in the cost of kg of DM.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Cinética de fermentação ruminal in vitro e degradação in situ de tortas de oleaginosas(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-08-11) Almeida, Luis Murilo Ferraz de; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Tomich, Thierry Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7946491833504889; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Pereira, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7166-5817; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6833077218958531The objective of the present paper was to evaluate ruminal fermentation in vitro and in situ degradability of extruded soy tarts (TES), peanuts (TEA), sunflower (TEG) and canola (TEC) and evaluate the potential for their use in extruded pies feeding of ruminants via ruminal fermentation kinetics in vitro by the technique of cumulative gas production (PCG), and decay in situ. Tarts were analyzed for chemical composition. For the in situ experiment used three steers fistulated Holstein and fitted with rumen cannulas were kept in individual pens. The feeds were incubated for 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. For the in vitro experiment tarts were used for the preparation of the following treatments: Brachiaria Brizantha (standard bulky) in inclusion levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 100%) of TES, TEA, TEG and TEC, using a randomized design. In the in situ TES, TEA and TEC showed similar and higher degradation of dry matter (DMD) with a value of 89.99, 89.99% and 83.87%, respectively, showing better performance than the TEG, which presented 63.84%. The same behavior was observed for potential degradation and effective degradability in passage rates of 2; 5:08% / h. Conditions worked, extruded soy tarts, peanut and canola showed the same behavior of ruminal degradation kinetics of dry matter, which can be used in ruminant nutrition when available. The PCG 30% of TES and 100%; TEA 100%; TEG 100% and 100% TEC were 209.43; 209.70; 196.14; 144.74 and 161.44 ml / g dry matter, respectively, where the last two have the worst behavior .From same manner as the kinetics of ruminal fermentation TES all inclusion levels and TEA 30% and 100% showed better behavior parameters, demonstrating the greatest potential for use in ruminant feed.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efeito de diferentes épocas de desfolha na cultura do milho(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-07-15) Souto, Felipe Baiá Carvalho; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini, Nair Mieko Takaki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4790986619781575; Miyashiro, Camila Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-5222; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2371509251800524The influence of different defoliation timings on maize crop using hybrid P3431VYH was evaluated. The experiments were conducted at two different locations, Cascavel – PR and Floresta – PR. The treatments were: no defoliation; defoliation at V4; defoliation at V8; defoliation at pre-tasseling and defoliation at post-tasseling, with 4 replicates, in a randomized complete block design. The evaluated variables were: plant height, ear insertion height, green snap, broken plants, dominated plants, stalk rot, grain yield and number of ears. The results showed that defoliation occurring at the early stages (up to V4) allows good recovery of crop development and yield potential. The critical period for defoliation is the pre-tasseling stage. Defoliation at the reproductive stage affects stem integrity.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Efeitos da aplicação de microrganismo eficiente sobre crescimento, produção e qualidade de frutos de Solanum Lycopersicum L.(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Silva, Leandro de Oliveira; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Pinto, Fabiana Gisele da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-8486; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9361463429150328; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449Contemporary agriculture faces increasing challenges related to sustainability, food security, and mitigation of environmental impacts. In this context, the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a vegetable crop of great economic and social relevance, serves as an ideal model for studies on plant-microorganism interactions. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of applying effective microorganisms (EMs), particularly in the form of liquid bokashi/Tomita Microorganisms Technology (TMT), on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants, also considering their interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The first article presents a systematic review, conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, which identified 2,450 records and included 31 studies. These studies demonstrate the benefits of the co-inoculation of AMF and EMs, such as increased phosphorus uptake, enhanced biomass accumulation, tolerance to abiotic stresses, suppression of pathogens, and improvements in fruit quality. The second article describes an experiment conducted under controlled conditions, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments, in addition to a control, to evaluate different rates and application frequencies of the product associated with NPK 10-10-10 mineral fertilization. Treatments T1 (50 L ha⁻¹), T2 (100 L ha⁻¹), T3 (200 L ha⁻¹), and T7 (400 L ha⁻¹) received a single application, while treatments T4 (50 L ha⁻¹), T5 (100 L ha⁻¹), and T6 (200 L ha⁻¹) received two applications at the same rate. The control received no application of the product. The evaluated variables included vegetative growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, leaf area), fresh and dry biomass accumulation, yield (fruit number and weight), and quality parameters (soluble solids content, firmness, and color). The results demonstrated that split application of TMT promoted a significant increase in plant height (up to 22% compared to the control), leaf area (average increase of 18%), dry biomass accumulation (25% increase), and yield (20% increase in both fruit number and weight). In contrast, single application concentrated effects on vegetative growth, without significant gains in reproductive output. It is concluded that the use of effective microorganisms, associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis, represents a promising strategy to strengthen tomato cultivation in sustainable agricultural systems, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides while reconciling productivity, quality, and environmental conservation in line with the principles of regenerative agriculture.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Eficiência de uso de nitrogênio por genótipos de cana-de-açúcar em ciclo de cana-planta(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Dias Junior, Eduardo Siqueira; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; Franco, Henrique Coutinho; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; Dário, Gustavo; Dário, Karina Aline Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7632245413046227; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8067599760812752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-7533; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient involved in fundamental physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle. Given its critical role, high-yield agricultural systems heavily depend on nitrogen fertilizers to ensure global food security. However, excessive N application is associated with significant environmental impacts, highlighting the need to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a key crop for bioenergy production and economic sustainability, exhibits high nitrogen demand, necessitating the evaluation of NUE in this system.This study aimed to assess NUE and nitrogen response in first-year sugarcane (plant cane) genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a commercial sandy soil area of the Jacarezinho Mill, located in Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil. Sixteen sugarcane genotypes were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Each plot consisted of four 17-meter-long rows spaced 1.5 m apart, subdivided into two nitrogen treatments: high N (180 kg ha−1) and low N (9 kg ha−1). Planting was performed on August 10, 2023, using stalk segments provided by the mill. Nitrogen status in leaf +1 was evaluated at 180 days after planting (DAP). At harvest (July, 2024), biometric and yield parameters were assessed, including compartmentalized and total dry matter, stalk yield (TCH), and sugar yield (TAH). Additionally, technological analyses—POL (%), fiber (%), total recoverable sugar (TR) (kg t−1), and juice purity (PZA %) were performed in the mill’s laboratory. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and responsiveness varied significantly among the 16 evaluated sugarcane genotypes. RB 127825 outstanding as the most nitrogen-efficient and responsive genotype, clustering with four others in the high-NUE quadrant. The other hand, CTC 9002 and IAC5094 were classified as inefficient and non-responsive, along with six additional genotypes. The remaining genotypes exhibited intermediate perfomed, distributed between inefficient-but-responsive and efficient-but-non-responsive groups. Genotypic differences in NUE were evident based on total dry matter (TDM) and stalk yield (TCH) indices. Clearilly, most variables showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between high-N (180 kg ha−1) and low-N (9 kg ha−1) treatments within the same genotype, underscoring the predominant influence of genetic factors over nitrogen supply in determining NUE. This finding highlights the importance of genotype selection for optimizing field-level nitrogen management. Leaf nitrogen accumulation at 180 DAP did not differ significantly between nitrogen treatments. Similarly, technological parameters (POL, fiber, TRS, PZA) were unaffected by nitrogen fertilization. However, CTC 9001 and CTC 9002 consistently outperformed other genotypes in technological quality across both N conditions, irrespective of their NUE classification.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Fragmentos florestais e métricas de ecologia da paisagem no município de Bandeirantes - PR(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-05-14) Guerra, Jessiney Wilsia Sena; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Araujo, Carla Gomes de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-8270; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7728069737666635; Andrade, Daniel Campanelli de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1527-2493; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5087564862700415The expansion of agricultural crops and pasture areas was responsible for most of the deforestation in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná. In this study, landscape fragmentation and its temporal evolution were evaluated by applying landscape ecology metrics in the period corresponding to the 1970s and 2012 (42 years), comparing the results of the metrics regarding their ability to demonstrate causes and consequences of forest fragmentation. The study area is located in the municipality of Bandeirantes-PR, situated between the coordinates 50°25'44" to 50°16'43" W and 23°14'05" to 23°05'59" S. Assessments of deforestation and degree of fragmentation were carried out using remote sensing data and landscape analysis. The results revealed that there was a reduction in the number of fragments between the periods: in 1970, 634 fragments, and in 2012, 312 fragments, which corresponds to 322 fragments less, and in percentage this is equivalent to 49% of the examined area. The study area has been undergoing landscape transformations since 1970, and the degree of fragmentation of native vegetation areas was replaced by temporary and permanent crops and pasture. Thus, the results of this study indicate that deforestation affected almost half of the natural vegetation until 2012, aggravating the integrity of native vegetation fragments in the study area.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Geoespacialização e estoque de carbono das áreas de preservação permanentes frente às alterações do código florestal(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-05-25) Baldecerra, Vinicius Ferreira; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Garcia, Junior Ruiz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9625-3859; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0973686004919998; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764The changes introduced by the current Forest Code (Law no 12.651/12) caused manydiscussions between the Brazilian society. The law imposes rules that will reduce the widthsof the marginal strips of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) in areas under consolidateduse, and therefore the environmental protection function is in doubt. Thus, the present studyaims to quantify the PPAs, estimate and value the same carbon stocks before the impositionsof the current Forest Code. The study was conducted in three catchments of the Bandeirante-PR municipality and the methodology employed made use of geotechnology, orbital image,geographic information systems (GIS), carbon stocks data arranged in the literature andcarbon market values. The results confirm that three of the four maps produced have PPAsvalues lower than required in the old Forest Code (Law no 4.771/65). The current situation ofPPAs is present in similar numbers with the requirements in the 2012 Code, but withfragmented and discontinuous forests. The recovery model obtained the PPAs values closer tothe model of the old law. As for the carbon stocks of the PPAs, the current situation isMg.C.ano-17.944 (worth US$ 215.743) and the recovery model is 13.970 Mg.C.ano-1(worthUS$379.397). In a time analysis, the annual growth rate was 132 Mg.C (value US$ 3.584).We conclude that the current Forest Code reduces the areas for PPAs over the old code. Manyproperties of the study area will amnesty in the current legislation. After the forest recovery ofAPPs, carbon stocks in the PPAs can generate payments for environmental services tolandowners.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Influência da impureza vegetal da cana-de-açúcar na qualidade tecnológica e na geração de biomassa(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2024) Santos Júnior, Adalberto Alves dos; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini; Debiagi, Flávia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-4304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1743105190261738; Debiagi, Flávia; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4139-4304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1743105190261738; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Berton, Guilherme Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-9189; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283284912048508The search for alternative and renewable energy sources has driven the investigation of the energy capacity of different substrates, such as sugar cane processing industry by-products, abundantly generated in Brazil. Previously discarded, these byproducts are now considered promising raw materials in the cogeneration of electrical energy, in the production of second generation ethanol and biogas. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sugarcane vegetable impurities on quality parameters, as well as to characterize its potential for generating biomass for energy production. The trials were designed based on three types of treatments, each with seven replications. These treatments included variations in vegetable impurity levels (minimum ≤6%, average 6.1 to 15% and maximum ≥16%) in three different harvest seasons, specifically in the months of May, August and October. Each experimental plot consisted of harvest strips within the same plot, with one treatment per strip and sequential treatments variations. Sampling and laboratory analyzes were carried out in accordance with conditions that reproduce the production process of a sugar cane factory. For each treatment and its repetitions, the results of vegetable impurity levels and the broth technological quality were determined. Variations in relation to the standard treatment (T2) revealed notable disparities in sugar indicators, such as ATR, Pol and purity, as well as in biomass generation indicators, such as fiber, with both results demonstrating an inversely proportional relation in their amplitudes. On average of the treatments in the different periods analyzed, for every 1% of vegetable impurity, the ATR was reduced by 1.43 kg/t and the fiber increased by 0.34%, with emphasis on the medium and maximum vegetable impurity treatment (T2 and T3) during the middle and end of the harvest season, which provided better levels of biomass production without major losses to sugar production. The global biomass generation capacity, obtained by averaging the treatments over the three periods analyzed, registered a significant increase of 34.98% compared to the established standard treatment.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Inoculação com Rhizobium tropici e coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilienses na eficiência nutricional e produtiva do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris)(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Paludetto, Alexandre; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Umburanas, Renan Caldas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-3598; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6449755247106523The bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris) is important in the national agricultural and socioeconomic scenario, represents an important source of protein for human consumption and makes up the plate of millions of Brazilians. Thus, improving the productivity of this crop must always be a strategy for regional development and food security. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive potential and the nutritional efficiency of the common bean and black bean crop in the pioneer north region of Paraná, quantifying the inoculation response associated with coinoculation and topdressing nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out in an area installed at the Luiz Natal Bonin Experimental Station - IAPAR in the city of Cambará/PR. Five treatments and two subtypes of bean were used with 4 replications: T1: No N and no inoculation; T2: without inoculant with N fertilizer in topdressing; T3: Rhizobium tropici inoculant via seed; T4: Rhizobium tropici inoculant via seed + co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense via seed; T5: Inoculant with Azospirillum brasilense via seed. Sowing fertilization in all treatments was 50 kg ha⁻¹ of P2O5 and 50 kg ha⁻¹ of K2O. In T2, 30 kg ha⁻¹ of N in the form of ammonium sulfate was used. Evaluations were carried out along the cycle, to evaluate the nodulation, and the morphology of the plants. At the end of the cycle, the production components, shoot dry mass, N accumulation, productivity and N use efficiency were also evaluated. There was a significant interaction between bean subtypes and treatments only for the diameter of the collar of the plants. Inoculation, co-inoculation or N in coverage did not improve the biometric parameters of the culture, the accumulation of plant dry mass and the weight of a thousand seeds. The non-inoculated treatments showed the native presence of Rhizobia, which contributed to the control performance. The average harvest index obtained in the experiment was 0.42%. The T4 had a productivity 33% higher than the control, but the isolated inoculations produced the same as the control and the N application in topdressing. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and the N absorption efficiency (NAE) weren't influenced by the treatments and bean subtypes, consequently, the gains of yield the T4 treatment, which was two microorganisms application, are associated with the effect of growth promotion. The total extraction of nutrients considering shoot, root and grains, we obtained the following average extraction order between treatments N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S with values respectively of 149.1; 106.8; 67.7; 16.0; 13.2 and 11.9 kg ha⁻¹. Inoculation + co-inoculation increased productivity, and further studies should be carried out to test the environmental interaction with these microorganisms.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Qualidade de aplicação de produtos fitossanitários em soja nos sistemas de monocultura e integração lavoura-floresta(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-07-29) Rangel, Pedro Henrique de Souza; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Ulisses Delvaz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6131-0289; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8520084377953959; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-3937; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4456536143814608An important feature of crop-forest integration (ICF) systems is the creation of a microclimate in the area in which it is deployed. The objective of this work was to evaluate the application quality and soil losses in soybean crop in monoculture and crop-forest integration areas. The work consisted of two experimental fields. The first was installed in the crop-forest integration system of the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP). The second was installed in a monoculture system, located 300 meters from the first field. The experimental design was randomized blocks, composed of 6 treatments in a 3x2 factorial scheme, being 3 classes of drops (very fine, fine and medium) and 2 periods of the day (morning and afternoon), with 4 repetitions. Temperature, air humidity and wind velocity were measured during the application of each plot in both experimental fields. The spray mixture used to apply the treatments consisted of water, FD&C Bright Blue marker dye (0.6 %, v v⁻¹) and fluorescent dye LRM 100 (0.6 %, v v⁻¹). Subsequently, the application quality was evaluated by the deposit (mg L⁻¹) and leaf coverage (%). Soil losses were also evaluated. The conditions of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were influenced by the cultivation system present in the area. Soil losses were higher in the monoculture system. However, deposit (mg L⁻¹) and coverage (%) values were higher in the monoculture system when compared to the ICF system.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Rizobactérias e proteção de plantas ao estresse hídrico(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-02-26) Paula, Gabriel Ferreira de; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Oliveira, André Luiz Martinez de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0841-4844; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1885766127325722; Seiva, Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-8773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2646377436835972; Silva, Adriana Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6044648047285095; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100Different extreme climatic conditions lead to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, such as drought, inducing oxidative stress, which can cause serious damage to organelles, as well as plant death. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are microorganisms that act in the plant's rhizosphere, providing support for its development in a direct and indirect way, in addition to inducing physiological responses, such as the activation of the plant antioxidant defense system. Thus, the objective of the work was to evaluate 4 strains of PGPR in view of their ability to mitigate the oxidative stress generated by drought in soybean plants. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), malondialdehyde (MDA), chlorophyll A and B, and leaf water content of plants under normal water condition, moderate drought stress, severe drought stress, and post-stress rehydration, grown under greenhouse conditions, were quantified. The results indicate that plants inoculated with PGPR showed an increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, levels of chlorophyll A and B, and leaf water content, in addition to a reduction in MDA levels compared to the control, indicating less lipid peroxidation. In this sense, it can be concluded that the use of the PGPR isolates analyzed in this work can be a sustainable alternative to alleviate the oxidative stress induced by water deficit.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Test bench para coleta de deriva em condições de clima subtropical(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-02-22) Precipito, Laís Maria Bonadio; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-3937; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4456536143814608; Osipe, Jethro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Abi-Saab, Otavio Jorge Grígoli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1757-636X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384An alternative method to ISO 22866 for measuring field drift was developed by the University of Turin (DEIAFA), referred to as the bench test. This methodology is faster and simpler to reproduce for evaluating drift under field conditions, and can be performed even under unstable wind conditions when compared to ISO 22866. The aim of this research was to quantify drift potential using the bench‑test methodology under subtropical climate conditions, using three spray nozzles, at two working pressures and two spray boom heights. The study was conducted in a completely randomised design comprising 12 treatments resulting from the combination of 3 nozzles, 2 pressures and 2 boom heights, with four replicates, totalling 48 tests. The nozzles used were XR 11002 (100 and 400 kPa), AIXR 11002 (100 and 600 kPa) and ATR 2.0 hollow cone (400 and 2000 kPa), evaluated at two boom heights: 0.50 m and 1.00 m above the test bench. During the tests, agrometeorological conditions — wind speed and direction, air temperature and relative humidity — were recorded continuously at three‑second intervals at a height of 2.0 m above ground level. The bench‑test approach proved to be a viable methodology for evaluating drift potential under field conditions in a subtropical region, demonstrating that variations in agrometeorological conditions, nozzle type and operating pressure are decisive factors influencing drift from boom sprayers. Relative air humidity and working pressure were the most influential factors determining drift potential for the ATR 2.0, XR 11002 and AIXR 11002 nozzles, whereas changing boom height from 0.50 m to 1.00 m had no significant effect on the amount of drift collected.