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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação In vitro do extrato do botão floral da bananeira (Musa spp.) sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-05-15) Leme, Matheus Eduardo; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Fertonani, Luciane Holsback Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5630-3295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0120344533995048; Yoshihara, Eidi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1798-0418; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447906791020709
One of the main economic losses in sheep farming is gastrointestinal nematode infections. The indiscriminate use of chemicals to control these parasites has contributed to the appearance of anthelmintic resistance in several countries including Brazil. Studies carried out with the objective of controlling the parasites and reducing the impacts of resistance have related several tannins plants with anthelmintic properties, especially Musa spp. The banana tree (Musa spp.) is widely distributed mainly in countries with a tropical climate; its cultivation focused on food purposes due to its nutritional value. The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelminthic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of the floral bud of the banana tree (HEB) to 10% in eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, as well as its antioxidant activity. Samples of naturally infected sheep were used with a minimum egg count of 2,000 eggs per gram of feces (EPG), and egg hatchability tests (EHT) and larval migration inhibition test (LMIT) were performed. In addition, total polyphenols, condensed tannins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. Five concentrations of HEB (20; 40; 80; 160 and 320 mg mL-1), negative control with distilled water (NC) and positive control with Albendazole Sulfide (PC) were tested in quadruplicate. In relation to EHT, HEB inhibited 82.57% in the concentration of 160 mg mL-1, reaching 100% in the concentration of 320 mg mL-1. In relation to LMIT, HEB inhibited 90.30% in the concentration 80 mg mL-1, 94.80% in the concentration of 160 mg mL-1, reaching 100% in the concentration of 320 mg mL-1. The HEB (10 mg mL-1) presented 0.38 mg EAG g-1 of total polyphenols, 372.70 mg EAT g-1 of tannins, 0.42 mg RE g-1 of flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of 43.03% with IC50 corresponding to 0.2765 mg mL-1. The activity of the extract could be related to the phenolic compounds present in the extracts, specifically condensed tannins. Thus, it was possible to verify the anthelmintic and antioxidant activity of the HEB, demonstrating its potential in the control of verminosis in sheep. In addition, these results are of great importance for organic, agroecological and biodynamic production systems, whose use of synthetic parasiticides is not allowed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aeronave remotamente pilotável na qualidade da aplicação
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023-04-27) Silva, Adenilson de Souza da; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Baio, Fabio Henrique Rojo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-0342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5720701444145747
Global demand for food continues to rise, necessitating a continuous increase in agricultural production. This highlights the significant importance of the Brazilian agribusiness in the world. In light of this situation, a new application technology has been widely used worldwide: the application with Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAs). There is not much information available about this technology, as research data obtained in Brazil is scarce, leading to inconsistent information generated without scientific support. This hinders more technical analysis of agronomic, environmental, and economic feasibility. The objective of this research was to study the effects of weather conditions, application rates, droplet classes, flight heights, and application speeds on the deposition and coverage of remotely piloted aircraft application. The experiment with application rates and droplet classes was conducted in a 2x2x4 factorial design, with two application conditions during the day (morning and afternoon), two droplet size classes (medium and coarse), and four application rates (5, 6.5, 8.5, 10 L ha-1). The experiments with flight heights and application speeds were set up in a 2x5 (two application conditions × five flight heights - 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 meters) and 2x4 (two application conditions × four operation speeds - 3, 4, 5, and 6 m s-1) factorial design, both experiments at an application rate of 5 L ha-1 and with a medium droplet class. The data were analyzed using canonical analysis techniques. The results indicate that deposition and coverage are not affected by weather conditions in the coarse droplet class but are significantly affected in the medium droplet class. Coverage has a negative relationship with deposition. Applications with favorable weather parameters benefit deposition with the medium droplet class, regardless of the application rate, and coverage is more negatively affected by unfavorable weather conditions than deposition. Coverage and deposition have different effects on changes in application rates. Medium droplet classes provide greater variability in deposition, while coarse droplet classes provide greater variability in coverage. Treatments at heights of 3 and 4 meters had the greatest coverage variability and correlation with relative humidity. There was greater similarity in data variability between speeds of 4 and 5 m s-1 compared to other speeds, indicating that these two speeds do not have statistical differences. Speeds of 3 and 6 m s-1 were the treatments that correlated with deposition and coverage due to their proximity to the vectors. Deposition and coverage exhibited a positive correlation with each other and a negative correlation with meteorological variables. Temperature and humidity were the variables causing the greatest variability in the data. Lower flight heights have a positive impact on coverage and deposition, being less affected by weather conditions. Higher wind speed increases the variability of coverage and deposition. The effect of RPA application speed is dependent on the prevailing meteorological condition at the time of application.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da fragilidade e do conflito de uso do solo em área de recarga do Aquífero Guarani
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-05-26) Andrade, Daniel Campanelli de; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Caviglione, João Henrique; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-0031; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8720140370218094; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Medri, Cristiano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-9376; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5988159401368852
This essay had the aim of evaluating the fragility and the conflict of the use of soils from six watersheds on the recharging area of Guarani Aquifer, on the Rio das Cinzas’s medium watershed, Norte Pioneiro Paraná. From the using of geotechnologies and the Boolean logic for maps creation, it was possible to gather data referring to the current use of the soil, erosion’s natural potential (ENP), agricultural aptitude of the grounds and to end, the analyses of the conflict of the soil’s use. These are essential studies to prevent environmental impact, whose results enable planning in search of sustainability. The results demonstrated the high potential of soil loss, confirming the fragility of the region. In relation to the uses, it was found all the predetermined sorts, water, urban, forest, silviculture, farming and pasture, standing out the last two ones. The lands of the study area of the search shows a lot of agriculture aptitudes, from the good for farming up to the regular for pasture. The analyses’ result about the conflict of the soil’s use demonstrated the lack of planning when choosing the cultivation implanted, presenting vast areas with underutilization of the soil and some of them with overutilization. This lack of planning combined with the fragility in potential presented's by the soils might bring about significant losses, less agricultural productivity and direct impacts on Guarani Aquifer’s recharging.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das declarações do cadastro ambiental rural em relação as certificações de área do SIGEF
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023) Fonseca Junior, Edson José; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Duft, Daniel Garbellini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-9687; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1960620473831019
Amidst controversy, the Brazilian Forest Code was sanctioned in 2012, together too a new tool for analyzing rural properties was created, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR). This is a electronic public record, mandatory for all rural properties, the purpose of integrating environmental information on rural properties and possessions referring to Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), of restricted use, Legal Reserve, remnants of forests and other forms of native vegetation, and consolidated areas, composing a database for control, monitoring, environmental and economic planning and combating deforestation. The registration tool has been demonstrating some divergences, in the georeferencing tab, which aims to identify information on land use and occupation and its perimeter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the divergences of information obtained by the CAR due to the different ways of inserting maps and to analyze the precision and accuracy of the topographic survey methods applied to the measurement of rural properties of different sizes and formats. The methodology recommended by SIGEF was adopted for georeferencing purposes, using conventional topography methods, the use of high-precision GNSS equipment and remote sensing. A map generated from Google Earth was produced for each property in a KML file. The maps obtained were inserted into the application for rural environmental registration made available by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment, on the orbital image contained therein, establishing comparisons for each of the methods. The data were processed in topographic automation software and, when possible, the coordinates were adjusted to the Brazilian Continuous Monitoring Network (RBMC). The analyzes of comparisons between the methods were performed Separated into four groups according to the size of the properties. We hope that the Rural Environmental Registry tool can facilitate environmental monitoring and, consequently, ecosystem service. The results showed us that the quality of the registration is directly linked to the quality of the georeferencing section of the CAR application, and when associated with the certification data we have a more reliable result of the declaration. Our data showed that due to the quality of the data used for the CAR declaration we can have positive and negative impacts mainly due to the increase in the provision of ecosystem services (eg water quality) and increase in production costs, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Armazenamento de misturas de herbicidas nas características físico-químicas e no controle de plantas daninhas
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-11-22) Ferreira, Luiz Augusto Inojosa; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Osipe, Jethro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-3937; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4456536143814608; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the storage time of two post emergent herbicide mixtures on the physical and chemical characteristics of the spray solution and on the weed control efficiency. In three environments, experiments were carried out using weeds and soybean plants sensitive to herbicides. The first experiment was carried out with the species Amaranthus retroflexus, Commelina benghalensis and Sorghum halepense, using the mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D + vegetable oil, the second with Chloris polydactyla using the mixture of glyphosate + clethodim + mineral oil and the third with Glycine max (L.) with the mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D + vegetable oil, all submitted to five storage periods (at the time of preparation, 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after preparation). The spray solution were prepared in plastic (50 L) sealed gallons, stored in the laboratory at room temperature and shaken manually once a day. In experiments 1 and 2 the visual evaluations of control were performed at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after application (DAA) and in experiment 3 at 3, 7, 10 and 21 DAA, due to sensitivity of the species. In both cases, performed by two evaluators, without previous knowledge of each treatment. The two mixtures used in the experiments were prepared in volumetric flasks for the evaluation of surface tension, density and pH. For the experiment 1, at 42 DAA, mean control scores in all treatments did not show significant differences, reaching satisfactory values (>80%) for A. retroflexus and S. halepense species. In Experiment 2, at 42 DAA, there was no effect of storage of the spray solution on the control of C. polydactyla, which remained below 80% for all treatments. At 21 DAA, in the experiment 3, all the treatments presented control close to 100% for the soybean plants, a result expected to be a non-glyphosate resistant cultivar. There was no change in the physical and chemical characteristics (surface tension, density and pH) for the two mixtures, regardless of storage period. With these results, it is concluded that storage of glyphosate + 2,4-D and glyphosate + clethodim for up to 8 days may be a strategy when agrometeorological conditions for application are not adequate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos biológicos de Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1767) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e testes com nematoides entomopatogênicos (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae) visando o seu controle
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-04-16) Giannasi, Andréia de Oliveira; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Ringenberg, Rudiney; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-5535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3610407592944170; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452
The black-cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of economic importance in many cultures, including corn (Zea mays) reaching the potential loss of 20%, the lack of information about its impact on corn motivated a comparison of their biology, in the larval and pupal stages with artificial and natural diet (corn leaf). Entomopathogenic nematodes (NEPs) present along with one bacterial symbiont association that manages to control insects. The infective juvenile nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis Heterorhabditis seek their hosts in the soil and, when they find them in their natural openings penetrate or pierce their cuticle killing the insect within 48 hours. In the laboratory, larvae were individually and fed with artificial diet and corn leaf daily to assess the biological parameters of duration and viability of larval instars, and total duration of each individual instar larval and pupal sex ratio, deformation, mass of caterpillars and pupae, consumption and utilization of food. Was also made in the selection of isolates of NEPs laboratory using nine isolates, namely: Heterorhabditis amazonensis (RSC05); Heterorhabditis indica (IBCB-n05); H. sp. (JPM4), H. sp. (IBCB-n40); H. sp. (NEPET 11); H. sp. (IBCB-n44); H. sp. (Alho); Steinernema carpocapsae (IBCB-n02) and S. sp. (CH3). Test was also performed with different stages in the larval and pupal stages, various concentrations of test (0 – witness, 50 JIs/cm2, 100 JIs/cm2, 150 JIs/cm2and 200 JIs/cm2) of NEPs and in vivo production in Galleria mellonella L. caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with isolated IBCB-n02, IBCB-n05 and Alho, where the concentration of selection test and 3º instar larvae of A. ipsilon and test at home a greenhouse were used. The biology of life, the caterpillars that were fed corn leaf had higher larval duration and greater deformity in adults and pupae, and larvae fed on artificial diet had greater viability of larvae and pupae and shorter larval duration, caterpillars fed with diet artificial ate more food, produced more feces, gained more weight and metabolized more food. In selecting only isolated NEPET 11 did not reach efficient mortality (10%), which differed from the rest that was above 80% to 100% with the isolated CH3. In the test with different stages in the larval stage and pupal stage no single reached higher mortality when compared with the 3º instar larvae in different concentrations of NEPs, isolated Alho reached 10% mortality for the concentration of 50 JIs/cm2and isolated IBCB-n05 reached 100% mortality at a concentration of 200 JIs/cm2. In production test in vivo isolated Alho showed the highest production was 112 138 IJs / larva of G. mellonella. In-house-vegetation isolated IBCB-n02 caused higher mortality differed from the control. The results of this study show that different isolates NEPs have infectivity in the laboratory efficient (greater than 80%) for use in biological control programs for A. ipsilon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo e transferência de embrião em tempo fixo em vacas de corte mestiças
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022-05-24) Seugling, Guilherme Henrique Freitas; Barreiros, Thales Ricardo Rigo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-5901; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5374406053323863; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-6996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Cavalieri, Fabio Luiz Bim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-6995; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6534931458837778; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Prohmann, Paulo Emílio Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1777074807269801
The experiment started in the breeding season of 2020/2021, until April/2022, in 3 properties located in Santo Antônio da Platina, Paraná, Brazil. Initially, 143 sows were used, which were synchronized through an FTAI protocol and inseminated, seven days after artificial insemination, embryo transfer was carried out for induction of twin pregnancies, 30 and 60 days after insemination, the diagnosis of pregnancy with ultrasound, to determine the FTAI/TETTF pregnancy rate. The total AI/TE pregnancy rate was 60.93% with results ranging from 71.43% to 52.73% between properties. The twin birth rate after the combination of techniques was 20.31% (26/128). It was also found that the time of gestation was affected by the presence of two fetuses in the uterus. The average of twin pregnancies was 283.64 ± 3.4 days (p < 0.01), whereas for single Nellore/IA it was 294.79 ± 5.68 and Tabapuã/IVF 295.52 ± 8.87 not differing from each other. As expected, there was a difference in birth weights between males and females, for twin pregnancies and Nelore/IA (p < 0.05) however there was no difference between males and females Tabapuã/IVF. The final stillbirth of calves from twin/triple births was 34.61% (18/52), with five twin births with the death of both calves. When analyzing the relationship between the weight of calves at weaning and the weight of the mother, the result was 71.48% in calves that were lactated as twins. This ratio was 32.42% higher than for single Tabapuã/IVF calves and 76.89% for Nellore/IA calves.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade de forrageamento e morfometria de Atta sexdens rubropilosa (forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: formicidae) em Bandeirantes-PR
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2017-10-20) Matsuyama, Simone dos Santos; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Pasini, Amarildo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-1217; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2947722532833449
Leaf-cutting ants of the species Atta sexdens rubropilosa, commonly known as saúva-limão, are considered pests due to their foraging activity. During this activity, ants select plant material, which they cut and transport into their nests to serve as a substrate for the symbiotic fungus they cultivate. Ants engaged in foraging explore the environment and encounter a wide variety of plant species; they then select among available species and choose specific plant structures before cutting and transporting the material. Foraging is performed by ants of varying body size that carry loads of different weights. This study aimed to identify the most frequently harvested plant structures and, through morphometric analysis, examine the relationship between ant body mass and load mass. Three nests of A. sexdens rubropilosa were selected in distinct environments: wooded area (N1), integrated crop–livestock system (N2), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation area (N3). Sampling was carried out weekly over six months, collecting 20 foragers and their respective loads near the nest entrance trails at each nest. Ants were weighed, and morphometric measurements — total body length (head + thorax + petiole + gaster) and cephalic capsule width (distance between the occipital spines) — were recorded using a digital caliper. Plant material was weighed and classified into the categories: leaf, petiole, pod, seed, fruit, bud, and stem; leaves were further classified as young or mature. In total, 1 440 ants and their loads were sampled across the study. Mature leaves were the most frequently transported plant fragment at all three nests. The relationship between ant mass and load mass did not support the hypothesis that larger ants consistently carry heavier loads.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade larvicida e caracterização fitoquímica do extrato hidroetanólico de Ruta graveolens L. contra Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Costa, Poliana Caruline Rosa da; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Bovolenta, Yves Rafael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-1848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4601902582773437; Silva, José Renato da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-7768; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8034221689854743
The increase in diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors and the resistance associated with the continuous use of synthetic insecticides highlight the need for effective and environmentally safe alternatives. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens L. against Aedes aegypti larvae, as well as to chemically characterize the extract. The extract was obtained by maceration in a 70% hydroethanolic solution, followed by concentration and lyophilization. A. aegypti eggs were collected using ovitraps in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil, and the larvae were reared to the L3 and L4 stages. Larvicidal bioassays were performed in quadruplicate, with 40 larvae per treatment, using concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of exposure, mortality rates of 65% were observed at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, whereas the concentration of 1 mg/mL resulted in 100% mortality, a result equivalent to the commercial larvicide used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of total phenolics (58.76 ± 1.70 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (41.55 ± 1.30 mg QE/g). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of rutin in the extract, while quercetin was not detected. These results demonstrate the strong larvicidal potential of the hydroethanolic extract of R. graveolens, particularly at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, indicating its viability as an alternative for A. aegypti control and supporting further studies to determine lethal doses and assess toxicological safety.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade nematicida de extratos de Brugmansia suaveolens sobre Meloidogyne incognita
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Venâncio, Stéphany de Campos; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585
Meloidogyne incognita stands out as one of the most aggressive and widely distributed species in tropical regions, causing severe damage to plant root systems. The need for alternatives to synthetic nematicides drives research into plant-based compounds with biological potential and lower environmental impact. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, using J2 obtained from infected tomato roots, processed with sodium hypochlorite solution and filtered through 250 and 500 mesh sieves. The suspensions containing J2 were exposed to two types of extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) at different concentrations, and a negative control was performed with distilled water. The mortality of the juveniles was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure, and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The aqueous extracts caused higher mortality of M. incognita J2, with the flower extract causing up to 98% mortality in all concentrations evaluated and showing no significant difference. The aqueous leaf extract, on the other hand, showed dose-dependent mortality, with values varying according to the dose tested. For the hydroalcoholic extracts, mortality was observed in the extracts obtained from flowers and leaves, with values ranging from 46 to 59% mortality. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of volatile chemical constituents present in B. suaveolens extracts confirmed significant differences between the extracts, both in terms of the extraction method and the part of the plant used.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos microbiológicos do solo sob sistemas integrados de produção
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-28) Souza, Dayane Aparecida de; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Grange, Luciana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7386401516676219; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Barreiros, Marco Antonio Bacellar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2950110570180689; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746
Agriculture and livestock production systems are being degraded by poor management, including inappropriate fertiliser and pesticide use, intensified monoculture, and pasture degradation driven by inadequate grazing management. Improved land‑use practices such as integrated production systems therefore offer more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical and microbiological attributes across different production systems. Areas under integrated crop–livestock–forestry (agrosilvipastoral), integrated crop–livestock (agropastoral), conventional agriculture, and native forest (used as a reference condition) were studied. Microbiological assessments included microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and microbial quotient, together with functional groups of microorganisms and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonisation. Agronomic assessments recorded number of inflorescences and plant dry mass. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Across almost all measured parameters, integrated‑system sites supported larger microbial communities, higher soil organic matter content, lower environmental stress, more efficient nutrient supply, and greater plant dry mass than the conventional system. Within the integrated crop–livestock–forestry system, competition for water between trees and soybean in the tree rows impaired both crop development and the soil microbial community. By contrast, the inter‑row areas of the crop–livestock–forestry system and the integrated crop–livestock system presented more favourable environmental and soil conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo sob áreas de agricultura e mata nativa
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-02-23) Rocha, Leandro Mazo; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Amaral, Higo Forlan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-2646; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2040162561025228; Grange, Luciana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7386401516676219; Lescano, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Marques; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064
Soil is one of the essential natural resources, providing physical support for numerous species and serving as a growth medium for plants, supplying water and nutrients that sustain life on Earth. Accordingly, different soil management systems and practices directly influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, since soil tillage directly affects nutrient availability and quality. This study aimed to evaluate agricultural areas and a native forest fragment during winter and summer, using chemical and microbiological indicators of soil quality. The study was conducted in Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil, comparing areas under soybean, maize, sugarcane, and pasture, plus four native forest sites (Central Forest, Reforestation Area, Edge Site 1, and Edge Site 2) located adjacent to the cultivated areas. Chemical analyses included determination of soil organic matter, total organic carbon, pH, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, potassium, base sum, and cation exchange capacity. Microbiological analyses comprised microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient, and microbial quotient. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Chemical and microbiological attributes were evaluated separately by principal component analysis. Across most measured parameters, native vegetation areas showed greater microbial biomass, higher organic matter content, lower metabolic stress, and improved nutrient cycling efficiency compared with agricultural areas. Soils under different land-use and management systems therefore differed significantly in chemical and microbiological characteristics relative to the Atlantic Forest fragment, with differences being most pronounced in the topsoil layer. Land use influenced microbial activity consistently, with the most favorable conditions found under native forest. Among agricultural sites, soybean, maize, sugarcane, and pasture differed in key attributes such as pH, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the surface layer. Soybean and maize showed the highest fertility levels yet the lowest microbial biomass carbon values among cropped areas. Overall, microbiological attributes were similar across the four native vegetation sites, indicating consistent microbial biomass dynamics within the fragment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da produção in vivo, alternativas de meio de cultura e diferentes concentrações de inóculo para produção in vitro de Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Isolado UEL 08)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Doneze, Gabriela Souza; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-764X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0613029292752945
Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN) are obligate parasites that have an association with symbiotic bacteria and cause mortality in insects, so they are excellent agents in biological control. EPN-based products are a reality outside Brazil, but here, they are still scarce due to the difficulty of large-scale production. On the other hand, the native isolate Heterorhabditis amazonensis (UEL 08) was evaluated as a potential agent for use in the control of the avian rattlesnake, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Although pathogenicity and virulence tests on the insect indicate that this is a promising isolate, there is no evidence that it can be produced on a large scale and used to control this pest. Therefore, this work aimed to perform in vivo and in vitro production tests of isolate UEL 08. For the in vivo test, Galleria mellonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as host and the production per larva, per gram of larva and total production was evaluated. In vitro production was evaluated using solid and semi-solid medium containing different fat sources (corn, canola, cotton, soybean, coconut, pork fat and bovine milk butter). Subsequently, different inoculum sizes (1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 Infecting Juveniles (IJs)/fry) were evaluated. The trials were conducted in an entirely randomized design, with four replicates for each treatment. In the in vivo production assay we observed a production of 6.5 × 10⁴ IJs/larva and a total production of 6.5 × 10⁵ IJs/repetition. In in vitro production in solid medium, there was a difference between the fat sources used, with corn oil providing the highest production with 926.5 IJs/mL of medium. In semi-solid medium, corn oil also showed the best production, with 3.2 × 10⁴ IJs/mL, differing from all other fat sources evaluated. The IJs produced both in solid and semi-solid medium were virulent when applied on G. mellonella larvae, with mortality values approaching 100%. The best inoculum concentration in semi-solid medium was 1,000 IJs/well.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da saúde do solo por meio da cromatografia de Pfeiffer: aspectos metodológicos e aplicações
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-07-31) Graciano, Igor; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9956; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828
Adequate management of soils is the main factor to be considered when planning sustainable production, since different agricultural practices can alter their quality and, consequently, their productive capacity. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interactions inherent in this system, seeking for less aggressive interventions, which preserve the dynamic balance between chemical, physical and biological components. To estimate this quality, we have adopted the use of indicators, attributes that integrate processes or soil properties, sensitive to changes and easy to perform and interpret. The Pfeiffer Chromatography (PC) is inserted in this context, as a promising tool for quality diagnosis, since it allows integral evaluation of the soil components. Thus, the present study aims to contribute to the development of methodological parameters that make it possible to standardize PC, as well as to evaluate its use as an indicator of soil quality. With respect to the methodological procedures evaluated, it was tried to preserve the simplicity and accessibility of the original proposal, with the purpose of favoring its reproduction in the field by the farmers. The following processes were evaluated qualitatively by visual observation: impregnation of filter paper (FP) with silver nitrate, use of composite samples, sieving and stirring for extraction of soil samples. Additionally, the condition of relative humidity of the air during the extraction and the illumination during the development of the images was evaluated. In relation to the impregnation process of the FP, it was possible to verify differences in the chromas, with better impregnation up to 3.8 cm with volume control and impregnation up to 3 cm without volume control. There was no difference in the methods of sieving and shaking. The use of composite samples proved to be feasible, given the correspondence of the replicates. Finally, it was possible to verify that the relative humidity of the air during the diffusion of the stratum and the illumination during the process of developing the images alter the quality of the chroma. From these results it can be verified that PC can be performed both in the laboratory and in the field, observing the recommended environmental conditions and, in the step of impregnating the FP, adopting the mark of 3 cm or 3.8 cm with volume control. In order to verify the use of PC as an indicator of soil quality, considering its four zones, these were categorized and correlated with other indicators: central zone and resistance to soil penetration, internal zone and chemical parameters, external zone and bioindicators, enzyme zone and enzymes. There was a negative correlation between the central zone and the mean penetration resistance within the 0 – 40 cm depth range. The inner zone presented a positive correlation with the organic matter, the middle zone was strongly correlated with the carbon of the microbial biomass and the external zone presented a significant correlation with the enzymes acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. It is concluded that CP is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of soil quality, demonstrating that from the examination and interpretation of the patterns formed in the different zones, it becomes possible to understand the physical, chemical and biological conditions present in the system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de inoculante longa vida em diferentes períodos de tempo na pré semeadura na cultura da soja (Glycine max L.)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-06-09) Contin, Rodrigo Ferrari; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Manetti, Fabio Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2126891963179008
In search of technological advances for soybean production, many researchers are dedicated to the study of biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) in soybeans, because it is a crop that demands a high amount to develop. Seed inoculation is a technology that establishes the necessary physical contact of the soybean seed as a vehicle for the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the seed. The present study evaluated long-life inoculants in the soybean crop at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days before seeding under the height of the aerial part and stem diameter of the plants, dry and fresh mass of the aerial part and roots, amount of pods with three, two and one grains, mass of a thousand grains and productivity. In the evaluated variables, the use of long-life inoculant is viable technology and its use in soybean sowing is recommended.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos porta-enxertos citrumelos e citrandarins sob copa valência na região citrícola do Paraná
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-07-17) Marcolini, Ciro Daniel Marques; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carlos, Eduardo Fermino; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0852-7002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8403163620849899; Osipi, Elisete Aparecida Fernandes; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-8930; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8390213471391126; Sachs, Luís Guilherme; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-483X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8396109344405837
The low diversification of rootstocks in the Paraná citrus industry makes it vulnerable to the possible occurrence of new pests or diseases. The main rootstock used in Paraná is Rangpur lime, which is susceptible to citrus decline, sudden death, and gummosis. The adoption of new genotypes such as citrumelo and citrandarin rootstocks, which show good disease resistance, makes the citrus industry less management-dependent and more sustainable in the medium and long term. The objective of this study was to evaluate tree height and canopy volume, yield, and juice quality of 'Valencia' orange grafted onto citrumelo, citrandarin, and other hybrid rootstocks in plots with and without irrigation over a 2‑year period. The results show that the rootstock producing the largest canopy volume was Rangpur × Sour Orange, while the smallest canopy was measured on Citrumelo F.80–18. No significant difference was found between irrigated and non‑irrigated plots. 'Sunki' mandarin produced the highest soluble solids yield per box (40.8 kg fruit), exceeding 2.6 kg. The lowest values were obtained with Rangpur lime. 'Sunki' mandarin also provided the best industrial yield; the poorest performance was recorded for the hybrid Rangpur × Sour Orange. The highest yield came from Rangpur lime rootstock, and the lowest from Siamese Pomelo × Gotha‑Road Trifoliate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bases biológicas de Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley, 1879) (Hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) e nematoides entomopatogênicos sobre Rachiplusia nu (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) na cultura da soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2024) Andrade, Nathália Costalonga; Bueno, Adeney de Freitas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-5845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7329418125245335; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Silva, Gabriela Vieira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-0391; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6593862082231188; Carvalho, Vanessa Andalo Mendes de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-1680; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8132224406035792; Bueno, Adeney de Freitas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-5845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7329418125245335
Brazil is considered the world's largest producer of soybeans (Glycine max) and has high levels of use of Bt soybeans, which provide control over various caterpillars that attack this crop, such as the species Rachiplusia nu (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, the occurrence of this species has been reported in some Brazilian states on Bt soybeans (Cry1Ac), which may indicate resistance, increasing its importance as a pest insect. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the biological bases of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and entomopathogenic nematodes (NEP) of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema with a view to controlling R. nu, separately. To this end, tests were carried out with the parasitoid T. pretiosum to assess its biological characteristics and parasitism capacity on R. nu eggs at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30ºC. The parameters evaluated in the biology tests were: duration of development (egg-adult); percentage of emergence (viability); number of individuals per egg and sex ratio. The parasitism capacity was also assessed at the same temperatures, and the following biological parameters were observed: number of eggs parasitized daily; cumulative percentage of parasitism; total number of eggs parasitized per female and female longevity. For the NEP, experiments were carried out on the selection of isolates (pathogenicity and virulence), the efficiency of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 IJ/cm²) and tests on production (total production, production per caterpillar, production per gram of R. nu caterpillar). As for the data on parasitoid action, in the experiments on biology, the parameters percentage emergence and number of parasitoids per egg were not affected by the conditions studied. As for the sex ratio, the results obtained at 25 and 30ºC and the duration of development (egg-adult) showed differences between the three temperatures. In the capacity bioassays, the parasitism rate of T. pretiosum was directly influenced by temperature, and longevity was greater as the temperature decreased, while the accumulated percentage of parasitism varied from 6 to 10 days, from the highest temperature to the lowest, respectively. The highest number of parasitized eggs was 46 eggs per female. As a result of the NEP selection, isolates UEL07 and UENP06 were selected, both Heterorhabditis amazonensis, which showed 100% mortality in R. nu. At all concentrations, the nematodes were pathogenic on R. nu, with results of 98 to 100% mortality at the highest concentration used for isolates UENP06 and UEL07, respectively. Finally, the average total production of NEP was 2.9 × 10⁴ for UENP06 and 3.9 × 10⁴ for UEL07.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biocontrole de fitopatógenos: uma perspectiva integrada de produção científica e estudos experimentais
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Martins, Livian Soares; Marques, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Lescano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Marques, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Lescano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Sichieri, Rafaella Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7030413218339310; Reis, Guilherme Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5675852978278805
The biological control has been widely studied as a sustainable strategy for the management of plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Talaromyces stollii as a biocontrol agent of the soil phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina and to analyze the evolution of scientific production on the molecular biology of biological control of plant diseases through a scientometric study. For the laboratory assays, T. stollii strain BCA1.1 was cultivated in dual culture on PDA with S. sclerotiorum and M. phaseolina. The action of volatile compounds and metabolites present in the supernatant obtained from the antagonist fungus culture on the growth of the phytopathogens was evaluated. For the scientometric analysis of publications on molecular mechanisms of antagonism between biocontrol agents and phytopathogens, data were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases between 1990 and 2024, analyzing indicators of scientific production growth, main thematic areas, authors, institutions, collaboration networks, and research trends. The experimental results showed that T. stollii inhibited both phytopathogens only in direct confrontation in dual culture. Macroscopic analysis of the plate revealed that the invasion of S. sclerotiorum initially occurred beneath and then above the mycelium, while in M. phaseolina the antagonist established itself over the mycelium through sporulation. Observations by optical light microscopy, using the adhesive tape method, allowed visualization of the typical hyphal coiling of mycoparasitism and the sporulation of the antagonist over the mycelium. Volatile compounds and non-volatile metabolites of T. stollii did not inhibit fungal growth. The results suggest that inhibition depends on direct contact, indicating that T. stollii may have potential in integrated management and in reducing chemical pesticides. The scientometric analysis showed that studies on molecular mechanisms of biocontrol began in 1990 and grew significantly from 2007 onwards, with an average annual rate of 9.99%. There was a shift from the study of classical agents, such as Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, to modern approaches involving genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, enzyme production, secondary metabolites, and complex ecological interactions. Biological control has evolved from traditional practices to a science guided by “omics,” highlighting genomic prospecting and rational formulation of biological agents. China, Brazil, and India stand out, with international collaboration networks and greater participation of the global south. Future perspectives include multifunctional agents, genetic engineering, optimization of antifungal metabolites, and integration with sustainable management. The integration between laboratory results and scientometric analysis reinforces the potential of T. stollii and indicates that advances in biotechnology and molecular biology may expand its practical application in the control of agricultural diseases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biocontrole in vitro de Fusarium solani isolado de mandioca
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2017-03-29) Azevedo, Paula Fernanda de; Lescano, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Marques; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Oliveira Junior, Admilton Gonçalves de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-5146; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0212864823556099; Costa, Christiane Luciana da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6077810777420475; Alberton, Odair; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-6669; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5399268772894807; Torres, João Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-9872; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582950118304206
Cassava root rot causes substantial yield losses. Because management is difficult and few chemical fungicides are registered with the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA), alternative control strategies are needed. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro inhibitory activity of Trichoderma harzianum, biofertilizer, and 49 cave‑dwelling bacterial isolates against two Fusarium solani isolates, and to elucidate the principal mechanisms of biocontrol involved. F. solani isolates (F1 and F2) were obtained from cassava roots showing symptoms of fusarium root rot. Bioassays with T. harzianum and cave bacteria used the dual‑culture plate method. Sterilized biofertilizer was tested at concentrations of 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20.0%, and 40.0%; non‑sterilized (raw) biofertilizer was tested at 0.3125%, 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 20.0%, and 40.0%, prepared by dilution in culture medium. Fungal cultures grown without biofertilizer served as controls. Plates were incubated at 25 °C under a 12‑hour photoperiod for 7 days. Mycelial growth was recorded daily by measuring colony diameter; values were used to calculate mycelial growth rate (mm day⁻¹), percentage growth inhibition, sporulation rate, and spore germination percentage. All bioassays used a completely randomized design and results were subjected to analysis of variance. Data from the T. harzianum assay were compared by t‑test (p < 0.05), dual‑culture results with cave isolates by Scott–Knott test (p < 0.05), and biofertilizer assay results by regression analysis and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). F. solani mycelial growth ceased after hyphal contact in dual cultures with T. harzianum, consistent with mycoparasitism, although sporulation rate was not affected. Sterilized biofertilizer showed no biocontrol activity; however, non‑sterilized biofertilizer provided effective control at 2.5% concentration, inhibiting mycelial growth by approximately 64% and 85% for isolates F1 and F2 respectively. Spore germination declined as the concentration of non‑sterilized biofertilizer increased. Metabolites produced by the microbial community present in unsterilized biofertilizer were essential for its inhibitory effect. Isolates F1 and F2 were sensitive to 87.80% and 89.80% of the 49 cave bacterial isolates respectively, indicating strong potential as sources of antimicrobial compounds. In conclusion, the tested strategies offer promising alternatives for the in vitro biocontrol of Fusarium solani.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Capacidade de tamponamento de fósforo em solos do Estado do Paraná
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Inoue, Marcos Yassuhiro; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Tiecher, Tales; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-2849; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7665378790484936; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8008-620X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828; Müller, Marcelo Marques Lopes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-2398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3504404305495448; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153
Phosphorus (P) partial saturation of sorption sites through corrective phosphate fertilization represents a key strategy for improving nutrient use efficiency in tropical and subtropical soils. The State of Paraná does not yet have a formalized and explicit method for recommending corrective fertilization. In this context, the objective of this study was to quantify the phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) of soils from Paraná, adopting it as a baseline parameter for the recommendation of corrective P rates, as well as to develop predictive models based on clay content and/or remaining phosphorus (Prem). The experiment was conducted at the Soil Laboratory of the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP/CLM). Twenty-six soil samples were collected across the State of Paraná at a depth of 0–20 cm. When necessary, pH correction was performed through incubation with hydrated lime, targeting a pH of 5.5 in CaCl₂. The samples were characterized and incubated for 20 days with 12 different P rates, determined based on the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (MPAC), in three replicates. Triple superphosphate was used as the phosphorus source. At the end of the incubation period, soil P contents were determined by Mehlich-1 extraction and quantified using the colorimetric method. Mathematical models were fitted using segmented regression. Phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) was then determined as the inverse of the slope coefficients of the fitted linear segments. The amounts required to increase soil P concentration by 1 mg dm⁻³ ranged from 2.557 to 58.824 kg P ha⁻¹. Exploratory data analysis enabled the grouping of estimated PBC values into classes according to clay content, organized into a practical interpretation and recommendation table. Mean values ranged from 3.94 kg P ha⁻¹ in soils with less than 250 g kg⁻¹ of clay to 25.89 kg P ha⁻¹ in soils with more than 400 g kg⁻¹ of clay. Considering soils with initial P availability classified as "very low," the required doses to reach sufficiency levels ranged approximately from 135 to 450 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹, depending on clay content, indicating that current recommendations may underestimate P requirements in highly clayey soils. Additionally, predictive models were developed using clay content and Prem as single predictors, as well as a multiple regression model incorporating both variables. The inclusion of Prem improved the explanatory power of the model. PBC increased significantly with increasing clay content. The PBC estimation table proved consistent for practical recommendation purposes, although the predictive models showed greater sensitivity in soils with clay contents between 400 and 550 g kg⁻¹. For the State of Paraná, where no formally established method for corrective phosphate fertilization currently exists, phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) shows potential as a technical tool to support the definition of corrective P application rates.