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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação In vitro do extrato do botão floral da bananeira (Musa spp.) sobre nematódeos gastrintestinais de ovinos
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-05-15) Leme, Matheus Eduardo; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Fertonani, Luciane Holsback Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5630-3295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0120344533995048; Yoshihara, Eidi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1798-0418; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447906791020709
One of the main economic losses in sheep farming is gastrointestinal nematode infections. The indiscriminate use of chemicals to control these parasites has contributed to the appearance of anthelmintic resistance in several countries including Brazil. Studies carried out with the objective of controlling the parasites and reducing the impacts of resistance have related several tannins plants with anthelmintic properties, especially Musa spp. The banana tree (Musa spp.) is widely distributed mainly in countries with a tropical climate; its cultivation focused on food purposes due to its nutritional value. The present study aimed to evaluate the anthelminthic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of the floral bud of the banana tree (HEB) to 10% in eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep, as well as its antioxidant activity. Samples of naturally infected sheep were used with a minimum egg count of 2,000 eggs per gram of feces (EPG), and egg hatchability tests (EHT) and larval migration inhibition test (LMIT) were performed. In addition, total polyphenols, condensed tannins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. Five concentrations of HEB (20; 40; 80; 160 and 320 mg mL-1), negative control with distilled water (NC) and positive control with Albendazole Sulfide (PC) were tested in quadruplicate. In relation to EHT, HEB inhibited 82.57% in the concentration of 160 mg mL-1, reaching 100% in the concentration of 320 mg mL-1. In relation to LMIT, HEB inhibited 90.30% in the concentration 80 mg mL-1, 94.80% in the concentration of 160 mg mL-1, reaching 100% in the concentration of 320 mg mL-1. The HEB (10 mg mL-1) presented 0.38 mg EAG g-1 of total polyphenols, 372.70 mg EAT g-1 of tannins, 0.42 mg RE g-1 of flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of 43.03% with IC50 corresponding to 0.2765 mg mL-1. The activity of the extract could be related to the phenolic compounds present in the extracts, specifically condensed tannins. Thus, it was possible to verify the anthelmintic and antioxidant activity of the HEB, demonstrating its potential in the control of verminosis in sheep. In addition, these results are of great importance for organic, agroecological and biodynamic production systems, whose use of synthetic parasiticides is not allowed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adição de diferentes classes de adjuvantes nas aplicações do herbicida glufosinato
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-07-09) Oliveira, João Victor de; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Kruger, Greg R.; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-0507
The percentage of area treated with glufosinate is low, mainly due to weed control inconsistencies. Adjuvants can assist in the use of glufosinate for technologies of resistant crops and favor decreases in the probability of resistance evolution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of adding adjuvants of different chemical and physical constitutions on the performance of glufosinate herbicide. In the first chapter, the objective was to determine the effect of adding adjuvants on the physical and chemical properties and the droplet spectrum in glufosinate applications. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of adding adjuvants to glufosinate on the control and contact angle on different weed species at two developmental stages. Laboratory and greenhouse analyses were carried out to evaluate physical and chemical properties (density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, electrical conductivity, and pH) of solutions and to determine droplet spectrum parameters: droplet diameter at 10%, 50%, and 90% of the total volume applied (Dv0.1, Dv0.5, and Dv0.9), relative amplitude, and percentage of volume of droplets smaller than 100 and 150 μm (V100 and V150). Weed control was carried out at two developmental stages (15 ± 3 cm and 27 ± 3 cm) of six weed species (velvetleaf, kochia, waterhemp, common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, and green foxtail). The addition of adjuvants resulted in variations in the spray solutions for all evaluated parameters. The presence of adjuvants resulted in higher variations for viscosity than for density. The addition of the drift-reducing adjuvant resulted in higher viscosity and better droplet spectrum characteristics to reduce drift (> Dv0.5, < V100, and < V150). Weed control and contact angle varied according to the weed species, adjuvant class, and developmental stage. The contact angle is dependent on the weed species, spray solution, and leaf position on the plant.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aeronave remotamente pilotável na qualidade da aplicação
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023-04-27) Silva, Adenilson de Souza da; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Baio, Fabio Henrique Rojo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-0342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5720701444145747
Global demand for food continues to rise, necessitating a continuous increase in agricultural production. This highlights the significant importance of the Brazilian agribusiness in the world. In light of this situation, a new application technology has been widely used worldwide: the application with Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAs). There is not much information available about this technology, as research data obtained in Brazil is scarce, leading to inconsistent information generated without scientific support. This hinders more technical analysis of agronomic, environmental, and economic feasibility. The objective of this research was to study the effects of weather conditions, application rates, droplet classes, flight heights, and application speeds on the deposition and coverage of remotely piloted aircraft application. The experiment with application rates and droplet classes was conducted in a 2x2x4 factorial design, with two application conditions during the day (morning and afternoon), two droplet size classes (medium and coarse), and four application rates (5, 6.5, 8.5, 10 L ha-1). The experiments with flight heights and application speeds were set up in a 2x5 (two application conditions × five flight heights - 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 meters) and 2x4 (two application conditions × four operation speeds - 3, 4, 5, and 6 m s-1) factorial design, both experiments at an application rate of 5 L ha-1 and with a medium droplet class. The data were analyzed using canonical analysis techniques. The results indicate that deposition and coverage are not affected by weather conditions in the coarse droplet class but are significantly affected in the medium droplet class. Coverage has a negative relationship with deposition. Applications with favorable weather parameters benefit deposition with the medium droplet class, regardless of the application rate, and coverage is more negatively affected by unfavorable weather conditions than deposition. Coverage and deposition have different effects on changes in application rates. Medium droplet classes provide greater variability in deposition, while coarse droplet classes provide greater variability in coverage. Treatments at heights of 3 and 4 meters had the greatest coverage variability and correlation with relative humidity. There was greater similarity in data variability between speeds of 4 and 5 m s-1 compared to other speeds, indicating that these two speeds do not have statistical differences. Speeds of 3 and 6 m s-1 were the treatments that correlated with deposition and coverage due to their proximity to the vectors. Deposition and coverage exhibited a positive correlation with each other and a negative correlation with meteorological variables. Temperature and humidity were the variables causing the greatest variability in the data. Lower flight heights have a positive impact on coverage and deposition, being less affected by weather conditions. Higher wind speed increases the variability of coverage and deposition. The effect of RPA application speed is dependent on the prevailing meteorological condition at the time of application.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ambiente protegido: uma alternativa de cobertura com material reciclável
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-30) Fernandes, Flávia Regina Moreira; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Abi-Saab, Otavio Jorge Grígoli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1757-636X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384
Cultivation on a protected environment generates microclimate changes favorable to the development of vegetables, which has become very common in the past few years among homelike farmers due to the increased productivity in small areas. Given the great influence of different spectral characteristics in plant development, this research was conducted in order to evaluate the physical parameters of coverage in a protected environment with recyclable materials (PET - polyethylene terephthalate) compared to the coverage with low density polyethylene (PEBD) regarding the indicated climate conditions given to the vegetables cultivation. The experiment was carried out from July 27 to August 26, 2015 on the Campus of Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Bandeirantes, PR. The protected environments contained dimensions of 2x3 m, 2.5 m in the right foot of eucalyptus and fall of 20%, surrounded with anti-aphids mesh and with plastic film in the skirt with 60 cm high, coverage with green bottle PET roof, coverage with transparent bottle PET, coverage with PEBD of 100µm with and without diffuser, installed in the East/West direction. The experimental design was a factorial 4 x 3 (four environments x three schedules) + external environment for the collection of data regarding the air temperature and relative humidity maximum air, medium and minimum and factorial 4 x 2 (four environments x two schedules) for data from the exposure time for the solar radiation reading, luminance and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in which it was studied the interactions of the factors by the analysis of variance and the means of the protected environments and for schedules compared by the F test at 5% of probability. In the protected environment A2 (coverage with green PET bottle) was registered the highest maximum and minimum internal temperature maximum in relation to the external environment. In the protected environment A2 (coverage with green PET bottle) was recorded a reduction of PAR and brightness compared to other treatments. The protected environment A4 (coverage with 100 µm without diffuser) presented less exposure time to read the solar radiation performed automatically by the spectroradiometer. The sources of variation: “protected environments” and “schedules” showed a significant interaction in the time of exposure to solar radiation reading. There was a significant reduction in the photosynthetically active radiation input (PAR) and light compared to the external environment in which the protected environment A2 recorded lower incidence of PAR and brightness compared to other treatments. A4 protected environment occurred less exposure time to read the solar radiation and interaction between sources of variation environments protected and the data acquisition time. The A2 environment showed a higher number of emerged seeds and emergency speed index, differing from the other treatments, which is the environment that provided better physical parameters for the smooth lettuce seed cultivation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Armazenamento de misturas de herbicidas nas características físico-químicas e no controle de plantas daninhas
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-11-22) Ferreira, Luiz Augusto Inojosa; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Osipe, Jethro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-3937; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4456536143814608; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760
The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of the storage time of two post emergent herbicide mixtures on the physical and chemical characteristics of the spray solution and on the weed control efficiency. In three environments, experiments were carried out using weeds and soybean plants sensitive to herbicides. The first experiment was carried out with the species Amaranthus retroflexus, Commelina benghalensis and Sorghum halepense, using the mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D + vegetable oil, the second with Chloris polydactyla using the mixture of glyphosate + clethodim + mineral oil and the third with Glycine max (L.) with the mixture of glyphosate + 2,4-D + vegetable oil, all submitted to five storage periods (at the time of preparation, 1, 2, 4 and 8 days after preparation). The spray solution were prepared in plastic (50 L) sealed gallons, stored in the laboratory at room temperature and shaken manually once a day. In experiments 1 and 2 the visual evaluations of control were performed at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days after application (DAA) and in experiment 3 at 3, 7, 10 and 21 DAA, due to sensitivity of the species. In both cases, performed by two evaluators, without previous knowledge of each treatment. The two mixtures used in the experiments were prepared in volumetric flasks for the evaluation of surface tension, density and pH. For the experiment 1, at 42 DAA, mean control scores in all treatments did not show significant differences, reaching satisfactory values (>80%) for A. retroflexus and S. halepense species. In Experiment 2, at 42 DAA, there was no effect of storage of the spray solution on the control of C. polydactyla, which remained below 80% for all treatments. At 21 DAA, in the experiment 3, all the treatments presented control close to 100% for the soybean plants, a result expected to be a non-glyphosate resistant cultivar. There was no change in the physical and chemical characteristics (surface tension, density and pH) for the two mixtures, regardless of storage period. With these results, it is concluded that storage of glyphosate + 2,4-D and glyphosate + clethodim for up to 8 days may be a strategy when agrometeorological conditions for application are not adequate.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos biológicos de Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1767) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e testes com nematoides entomopatogênicos (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae) visando o seu controle
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-04-16) Giannasi, Andréia de Oliveira; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Ringenberg, Rudiney; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-5535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3610407592944170; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452
The black-cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of economic importance in many cultures, including corn (Zea mays) reaching the potential loss of 20%, the lack of information about its impact on corn motivated a comparison of their biology, in the larval and pupal stages with artificial and natural diet (corn leaf). Entomopathogenic nematodes (NEPs) present along with one bacterial symbiont association that manages to control insects. The infective juvenile nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis Heterorhabditis seek their hosts in the soil and, when they find them in their natural openings penetrate or pierce their cuticle killing the insect within 48 hours. In the laboratory, larvae were individually and fed with artificial diet and corn leaf daily to assess the biological parameters of duration and viability of larval instars, and total duration of each individual instar larval and pupal sex ratio, deformation, mass of caterpillars and pupae, consumption and utilization of food. Was also made in the selection of isolates of NEPs laboratory using nine isolates, namely: Heterorhabditis amazonensis (RSC05); Heterorhabditis indica (IBCB-n05); H. sp. (JPM4), H. sp. (IBCB-n40); H. sp. (NEPET 11); H. sp. (IBCB-n44); H. sp. (Alho); Steinernema carpocapsae (IBCB-n02) and S. sp. (CH3). Test was also performed with different stages in the larval and pupal stages, various concentrations of test (0 – witness, 50 JIs/cm2, 100 JIs/cm2, 150 JIs/cm2and 200 JIs/cm2) of NEPs and in vivo production in Galleria mellonella L. caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with isolated IBCB-n02, IBCB-n05 and Alho, where the concentration of selection test and 3º instar larvae of A. ipsilon and test at home a greenhouse were used. The biology of life, the caterpillars that were fed corn leaf had higher larval duration and greater deformity in adults and pupae, and larvae fed on artificial diet had greater viability of larvae and pupae and shorter larval duration, caterpillars fed with diet artificial ate more food, produced more feces, gained more weight and metabolized more food. In selecting only isolated NEPET 11 did not reach efficient mortality (10%), which differed from the rest that was above 80% to 100% with the isolated CH3. In the test with different stages in the larval stage and pupal stage no single reached higher mortality when compared with the 3º instar larvae in different concentrations of NEPs, isolated Alho reached 10% mortality for the concentration of 50 JIs/cm2and isolated IBCB-n05 reached 100% mortality at a concentration of 200 JIs/cm2. In production test in vivo isolated Alho showed the highest production was 112 138 IJs / larva of G. mellonella. In-house-vegetation isolated IBCB-n02 caused higher mortality differed from the control. The results of this study show that different isolates NEPs have infectivity in the laboratory efficient (greater than 80%) for use in biological control programs for A. ipsilon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos biológicos de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) criadas em dieta artificial contendo diferentes fontes proteicas
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2020-10-30) Borges, Gabriele do Prado; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Silva, Gabriela Vieira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-0391; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6593862082231188
This work aimed to test different protein sources in artificial diets for the rearing of Diatraea saccharalis. The experiment was conducted in the Entomology-Nematology and Insect Pests laboratories of the Luiz Meneghel Campus, at the State University of Northern Paraná. Oatmeal, sweet potato, fubá mimoso, flaxseed, rice, coarse cornmeal, canjiquinha, corn flakes, and sweet potatoes in natura, in the colors orange, white, purple, and common, were evaluated as protein sources. In view of the large number of treatments, the experiment was divided into stages as follows: Stage 1: The above-mentioned protein sources were evaluated and divided into three test batches (1a, 1b, and 1c). For this purpose, five newly hatched caterpillars were placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (40 per diet). At the end of the larval period, the pupae were individualized in 50 mL plastic cups and after 24 h were weighed and separated by sex. In Stages 1a, 1b, and 1c, the following were evaluated: duration of the larval and pupal period, weight and sexing of pupae, number of pupae and adults formed, and larval and pupal viability. Stage 2: the development of D. saccharalis fed a standard diet (used in a biofactory) was compared with the oatmeal diet that performed best in Stage 1. Five newly hatched caterpillars were placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (40 per diet); after the pupal phase, 30 adult couples were formed from each of the two diets for collection and daily egg counting until the death of the adults, evaluating adult longevity and total number of eggs per female of D. saccharalis. In Stage 1a, the highest number of pupae were obtained and, consequently, the highest larval viability for insects fed with oatmeal and sweet potato flour. In Stage 1b, oatmeal continued to show a shorter duration of the larval and pupal period, and in Stage 1c, white sweet potato showed a shorter duration of the larval and pupal period and higher larval viability. In Stage 2, oatmeal showed a shorter duration of the larval period, and the diet from Plant B showed a shorter duration of the pupal period. In the diet containing oatmeal, the treatment without food resulted in greater adult longevity. The protein source that showed the best response to the biological parameters of D. saccharalis was oatmeal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação da condutibilidade elétrica do leite à cultura microbiológica na fazenda no ato da secagem de vacas Jersey em sistema de Compost Barn e ordenha
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-03-31) Silva, Jessica Quirino da; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Zacarias, Francielle Gibson da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-675X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1740021520322135; Filho, Ivan Roque de Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-9358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3978670586325267; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Alberton, Luiz Romulo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-0467; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800644716976971
The expansion of agricultural crops and pasture areas was responsible for most of the deforestation in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná. In this study, landscape fragmentation and its temporal evolution were evaluated by applying landscape ecology metrics in the period corresponding to the 1970s and 2012 (42 years), comparing the results of the metrics regarding their ability to demonstrate causes and consequences of forest fragmentation. The study area is located in the municipality of Bandeirantes-PR, situated between the coordinates 50°25'44" to 50°16'43" W and 23°14'05" to 23°05'59" S. Assessments of deforestation and degree of fragmentation were carried out using remote sensing data and landscape analysis. The results revealed that there was a reduction in the number of fragments between the periods: in 1970, 634 fragments, and in 2012, 312 fragments, which corresponds to 322 fragments less, and in percentage this is equivalent to 49% of the examined area. The study area has been undergoing landscape transformations since 1970, and the degree of fragmentation of native vegetation areas was replaced by temporary and permanent crops and pasture. Thus, the results of this study indicate that deforestation affected almost half of the natural vegetation until 2012, aggravating the integrity of native vegetation fragments in the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo e transferência de embrião em tempo fixo em vacas de corte mestiças
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022-05-24) Seugling, Guilherme Henrique Freitas; Barreiros, Thales Ricardo Rigo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-5901; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5374406053323863; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-6996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Cavalieri, Fabio Luiz Bim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-6995; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6534931458837778; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Prohmann, Paulo Emílio Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1777074807269801
The experiment started in the breeding season of 2020/2021, until April/2022, in 3 properties located in Santo Antônio da Platina, Paraná, Brazil. Initially, 143 sows were used, which were synchronized through an FTAI protocol and inseminated, seven days after artificial insemination, embryo transfer was carried out for induction of twin pregnancies, 30 and 60 days after insemination, the diagnosis of pregnancy with ultrasound, to determine the FTAI/TETTF pregnancy rate. The total AI/TE pregnancy rate was 60.93% with results ranging from 71.43% to 52.73% between properties. The twin birth rate after the combination of techniques was 20.31% (26/128). It was also found that the time of gestation was affected by the presence of two fetuses in the uterus. The average of twin pregnancies was 283.64 ± 3.4 days (p < 0.01), whereas for single Nellore/IA it was 294.79 ± 5.68 and Tabapuã/IVF 295.52 ± 8.87 not differing from each other. As expected, there was a difference in birth weights between males and females, for twin pregnancies and Nelore/IA (p < 0.05) however there was no difference between males and females Tabapuã/IVF. The final stillbirth of calves from twin/triple births was 34.61% (18/52), with five twin births with the death of both calves. When analyzing the relationship between the weight of calves at weaning and the weight of the mother, the result was 71.48% in calves that were lactated as twins. This ratio was 32.42% higher than for single Tabapuã/IVF calves and 76.89% for Nellore/IA calves.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade de forrageamento e morfometria de Atta sexdens rubropilosa (forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: formicidae) em Bandeirantes-PR
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2017-10-20) Matsuyama, Simone dos Santos; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Pasini, Amarildo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6962-1217; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2947722532833449
Leaf-cutting ants of the species Atta sexdens rubropilosa, commonly known as saúva-limão, are considered pests due to their foraging activity. During this activity, ants select plant material, which they cut and transport into their nests to serve as a substrate for the symbiotic fungus they cultivate. Ants engaged in foraging explore the environment and encounter a wide variety of plant species; they then select among available species and choose specific plant structures before cutting and transporting the material. Foraging is performed by ants of varying body size that carry loads of different weights. This study aimed to identify the most frequently harvested plant structures and, through morphometric analysis, examine the relationship between ant body mass and load mass. Three nests of A. sexdens rubropilosa were selected in distinct environments: wooded area (N1), integrated crop–livestock system (N2), and wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation area (N3). Sampling was carried out weekly over six months, collecting 20 foragers and their respective loads near the nest entrance trails at each nest. Ants were weighed, and morphometric measurements — total body length (head + thorax + petiole + gaster) and cephalic capsule width (distance between the occipital spines) — were recorded using a digital caliper. Plant material was weighed and classified into the categories: leaf, petiole, pod, seed, fruit, bud, and stem; leaves were further classified as young or mature. In total, 1 440 ants and their loads were sampled across the study. Mature leaves were the most frequently transported plant fragment at all three nests. The relationship between ant mass and load mass did not support the hypothesis that larger ants consistently carry heavier loads.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade nematicida de extratos de Brugmansia suaveolens sobre Meloidogyne incognita
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Venâncio, Stéphany de Campos; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585
Meloidogyne incognita stands out as one of the most aggressive and widely distributed species in tropical regions, causing severe damage to plant root systems. The need for alternatives to synthetic nematicides drives research into plant-based compounds with biological potential and lower environmental impact. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, using J2 obtained from infected tomato roots, processed with sodium hypochlorite solution and filtered through 250 and 500 mesh sieves. The suspensions containing J2 were exposed to two types of extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) at different concentrations, and a negative control was performed with distilled water. The mortality of the juveniles was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure, and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The aqueous extracts caused higher mortality of M. incognita J2, with the flower extract causing up to 98% mortality in all concentrations evaluated and showing no significant difference. The aqueous leaf extract, on the other hand, showed dose-dependent mortality, with values varying according to the dose tested. For the hydroalcoholic extracts, mortality was observed in the extracts obtained from flowers and leaves, with values ranging from 46 to 59% mortality. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of volatile chemical constituents present in B. suaveolens extracts confirmed significant differences between the extracts, both in terms of the extraction method and the part of the plant used.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos microbiológicos do solo sob sistemas integrados de produção
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-28) Souza, Dayane Aparecida de; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Grange, Luciana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7386401516676219; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Barreiros, Marco Antonio Bacellar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2950110570180689; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746
Agriculture and livestock production systems are being degraded by poor management, including inappropriate fertiliser and pesticide use, intensified monoculture, and pasture degradation driven by inadequate grazing management. Improved land‑use practices such as integrated production systems therefore offer more sustainable alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate soil chemical and microbiological attributes across different production systems. Areas under integrated crop–livestock–forestry (agrosilvipastoral), integrated crop–livestock (agropastoral), conventional agriculture, and native forest (used as a reference condition) were studied. Microbiological assessments included microbial biomass carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, and microbial quotient, together with functional groups of microorganisms and the percentage of mycorrhizal colonisation. Agronomic assessments recorded number of inflorescences and plant dry mass. Results were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Across almost all measured parameters, integrated‑system sites supported larger microbial communities, higher soil organic matter content, lower environmental stress, more efficient nutrient supply, and greater plant dry mass than the conventional system. Within the integrated crop–livestock–forestry system, competition for water between trees and soybean in the tree rows impaired both crop development and the soil microbial community. By contrast, the inter‑row areas of the crop–livestock–forestry system and the integrated crop–livestock system presented more favourable environmental and soil conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo sob áreas de agricultura e mata nativa
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-02-23) Rocha, Leandro Mazo; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Amaral, Higo Forlan; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5036-2646; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2040162561025228; Grange, Luciana; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7386401516676219; Lescano, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Marques; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064
Soil is one of the essential natural resources, providing physical support for numerous species and serving as a growth medium for plants, supplying water and nutrients that sustain life on Earth. Accordingly, different soil management systems and practices directly influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, since soil tillage directly affects nutrient availability and quality. This study aimed to evaluate agricultural areas and a native forest fragment during winter and summer, using chemical and microbiological indicators of soil quality. The study was conducted in Bandeirantes, PR, Brazil, comparing areas under soybean, maize, sugarcane, and pasture, plus four native forest sites (Central Forest, Reforestation Area, Edge Site 1, and Edge Site 2) located adjacent to the cultivated areas. Chemical analyses included determination of soil organic matter, total organic carbon, pH, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, potassium, base sum, and cation exchange capacity. Microbiological analyses comprised microbial biomass carbon, basal soil respiration, metabolic quotient, and microbial quotient. The experimental design was completely randomized in an 8 × 2 factorial arrangement. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were compared using the Tukey test (p < 0.05). Chemical and microbiological attributes were evaluated separately by principal component analysis. Across most measured parameters, native vegetation areas showed greater microbial biomass, higher organic matter content, lower metabolic stress, and improved nutrient cycling efficiency compared with agricultural areas. Soils under different land-use and management systems therefore differed significantly in chemical and microbiological characteristics relative to the Atlantic Forest fragment, with differences being most pronounced in the topsoil layer. Land use influenced microbial activity consistently, with the most favorable conditions found under native forest. Among agricultural sites, soybean, maize, sugarcane, and pasture differed in key attributes such as pH, P, K, Ca, and Mg in the surface layer. Soybean and maize showed the highest fertility levels yet the lowest microbial biomass carbon values among cropped areas. Overall, microbiological attributes were similar across the four native vegetation sites, indicating consistent microbial biomass dynamics within the fragment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da produção in vivo, alternativas de meio de cultura e diferentes concentrações de inóculo para produção in vitro de Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Isolado UEL 08)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Doneze, Gabriela Souza; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-764X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0613029292752945
Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN) are obligate parasites that have an association with symbiotic bacteria and cause mortality in insects, so they are excellent agents in biological control. EPN-based products are a reality outside Brazil, but here, they are still scarce due to the difficulty of large-scale production. On the other hand, the native isolate Heterorhabditis amazonensis (UEL 08) was evaluated as a potential agent for use in the control of the avian rattlesnake, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Although pathogenicity and virulence tests on the insect indicate that this is a promising isolate, there is no evidence that it can be produced on a large scale and used to control this pest. Therefore, this work aimed to perform in vivo and in vitro production tests of isolate UEL 08. For the in vivo test, Galleria mellonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as host and the production per larva, per gram of larva and total production was evaluated. In vitro production was evaluated using solid and semi-solid medium containing different fat sources (corn, canola, cotton, soybean, coconut, pork fat and bovine milk butter). Subsequently, different inoculum sizes (1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 Infecting Juveniles (IJs)/fry) were evaluated. The trials were conducted in an entirely randomized design, with four replicates for each treatment. In the in vivo production assay we observed a production of 6.5 × 10⁴ IJs/larva and a total production of 6.5 × 10⁵ IJs/repetition. In in vitro production in solid medium, there was a difference between the fat sources used, with corn oil providing the highest production with 926.5 IJs/mL of medium. In semi-solid medium, corn oil also showed the best production, with 3.2 × 10⁴ IJs/mL, differing from all other fat sources evaluated. The IJs produced both in solid and semi-solid medium were virulent when applied on G. mellonella larvae, with mortality values approaching 100%. The best inoculum concentration in semi-solid medium was 1,000 IJs/well.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da saúde do solo por meio da cromatografia de Pfeiffer: aspectos metodológicos e aplicações
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-07-31) Graciano, Igor; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9956; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828
Adequate management of soils is the main factor to be considered when planning sustainable production, since different agricultural practices can alter their quality and, consequently, their productive capacity. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interactions inherent in this system, seeking for less aggressive interventions, which preserve the dynamic balance between chemical, physical and biological components. To estimate this quality, we have adopted the use of indicators, attributes that integrate processes or soil properties, sensitive to changes and easy to perform and interpret. The Pfeiffer Chromatography (PC) is inserted in this context, as a promising tool for quality diagnosis, since it allows integral evaluation of the soil components. Thus, the present study aims to contribute to the development of methodological parameters that make it possible to standardize PC, as well as to evaluate its use as an indicator of soil quality. With respect to the methodological procedures evaluated, it was tried to preserve the simplicity and accessibility of the original proposal, with the purpose of favoring its reproduction in the field by the farmers. The following processes were evaluated qualitatively by visual observation: impregnation of filter paper (FP) with silver nitrate, use of composite samples, sieving and stirring for extraction of soil samples. Additionally, the condition of relative humidity of the air during the extraction and the illumination during the development of the images was evaluated. In relation to the impregnation process of the FP, it was possible to verify differences in the chromas, with better impregnation up to 3.8 cm with volume control and impregnation up to 3 cm without volume control. There was no difference in the methods of sieving and shaking. The use of composite samples proved to be feasible, given the correspondence of the replicates. Finally, it was possible to verify that the relative humidity of the air during the diffusion of the stratum and the illumination during the process of developing the images alter the quality of the chroma. From these results it can be verified that PC can be performed both in the laboratory and in the field, observing the recommended environmental conditions and, in the step of impregnating the FP, adopting the mark of 3 cm or 3.8 cm with volume control. In order to verify the use of PC as an indicator of soil quality, considering its four zones, these were categorized and correlated with other indicators: central zone and resistance to soil penetration, internal zone and chemical parameters, external zone and bioindicators, enzyme zone and enzymes. There was a negative correlation between the central zone and the mean penetration resistance within the 0 – 40 cm depth range. The inner zone presented a positive correlation with the organic matter, the middle zone was strongly correlated with the carbon of the microbial biomass and the external zone presented a significant correlation with the enzymes acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. It is concluded that CP is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of soil quality, demonstrating that from the examination and interpretation of the patterns formed in the different zones, it becomes possible to understand the physical, chemical and biological conditions present in the system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de inoculante longa vida em diferentes períodos de tempo na pré semeadura na cultura da soja (Glycine max L.)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-06-09) Contin, Rodrigo Ferrari; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Manetti, Fabio Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2126891963179008
In search of technological advances for soybean production, many researchers are dedicated to the study of biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) in soybeans, because it is a crop that demands a high amount to develop. Seed inoculation is a technology that establishes the necessary physical contact of the soybean seed as a vehicle for the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the seed. The present study evaluated long-life inoculants in the soybean crop at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days before seeding under the height of the aerial part and stem diameter of the plants, dry and fresh mass of the aerial part and roots, amount of pods with three, two and one grains, mass of a thousand grains and productivity. In the evaluated variables, the use of long-life inoculant is viable technology and its use in soybean sowing is recommended.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de resíduo de sulfato de gentamicina no leite de vacas com mastite subclínica tratadas por via intramamária
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-03-20) Soares, Gabriel Lourenzo Rezende; Lima, Cristina Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-4286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3072842301542197; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Campos, Anna Carolina Leonoelli Pires de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-5732
The objectives of this study were to investigate the presence of gentamicin residue in milk of treated and adjacent mammary quarters not treated with gentamicin; verify the influence of subclinical mastitis treatment, during the lactation, on somatic cell count, fat, total protein and lactose. Five cows with somatic cell count less than 200,000 and negative in CMT (group 01, n = 5) and ten cows with somatic cell count above 200,000 and positive in CMT (group 02: one mammary quarter score 1 on CMT, n = 5 and group 03: leastwise one mammary quarter score 2 or 3 on CMT, n = 5) were treated with two intramammary infusions of 150 mg of gentamicin sulphate with a 24 hour interval between applications. The treatment was made in the anterior right mammary quarter of the animals of group 01 and in the positive mammary quarter in CMT of the animals of groups 02 and 03. Milk samples were analyzed from the animals at 0, 36, 72, 120 and 144 hours of milk of treated quarters and 0, 12, 36, 72 and 120 hours in not treated quarters after the first infusion. Milk samples were analyzed from the animals of groups 01, 02 and 03 of the milk of treated mammary quarters and the pool of untreated quarters and performed analysis of CCS and milk solids at time 0 and 15 days after treatment. A microbiological inhibition test was performed to detect gentamicin residue with a minimum sensitivity of 50 μg/L, below the maximum allowable residue limit of 200 μg/L (Delvotest® SP NT). There was no significant difference for CCS and milk solids means between samples of time 0 and 15 days after treatment in groups 01, 02 and 03 (P ≤ 0.05, in T-test for paired samples). The gentamicin residue had a decreasing frequency of positive samples in group 01 and at the end of the analyzes, at time 144 (24 hours after the end of withdrawal period) after the first infusion, presented 40% of positive samples in milk of treated mammary quarters. In milk of untreated mammary quarters all samples were negative at all times. In group 02, for milk of treated mammary quarters, there was 80% of positive samples at time 144. In milk of untreated mammary quarters all samples were negative at all times collected. In group 03, 80% of milk of treated mammary quarters samples were positive at time 144 and in milk of untreated mammary quarters, all samples were negative, however, 60% of the samples had residue close to the detection limit in time 36. Milk from untreated mammary quarters adjacent to subclinical mammary quarter treated with gentamicin sulfate does not present residue above the maximum residue limit allowed by legislation and is considered safe for human consumption. Milk from gentamicin treated mammary quarters remained positive to Delvotest® at 40%, 80% and 80% in groups 01, 02 and 03 after the end of the withdrawal period established by the manufacturer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do extrato hidroalcoólico de Punica granatum Linn. sobre bactérias de interesse à mastite bovina
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-08-07) Moreira, Giovanna Melatti Bermal; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Silva, Luciana Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-2094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8207280726883591; Silva, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5285324361162578; Patelli, Thais Helena Constantino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-6471; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6738089449088570; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749
Bovine mastitis is characterized by inflammation of the mammary gland, usually due to bacterial infection, compromising quantity and quality of milk production. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of the pomegranate fruit on standard strains of interest the bovine mastitis. The colonies were resuspended and adjusted at a concentration of 107 ml-1 UV-visible spectrophotometry. The extracts were evaluated in five replications in seven concentrations: 1000 mg mL-1to 25 mg mL-1. Were used strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhi ATCC 19214, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23355 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018. Sensitivity of the strains were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion test and the results showed that the inhibition zones corresponding to values from 15 mm were considered sensitive. For phytochemical evaluation was determined levels of antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids. Thus, the extract was diluted in seven concentrations: 25 the 1000 mg L-1, and evaluated in triplicate. Bacterial growth was inhibited at concentrations of 100 mg mL-1 and the antioxidant activity was observed from 50 mg mL-1, with values corresponding to 4,62% to 64,90% plateau at a concentration of 500 mg mL-1. In the evaluation of radical scavenging activity, using the free radical DPPH, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity (IC50% = 378,80 μg L-1). However, it has not been possible to correlate the levels of antioxidant activity at levels of phenols and flavonoids. Perhaps the presence of other substances alkaloids and tannins present in the extracts may have been responsible for the antioxidant activity found. The extract was able to inhibit the growth at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg mL-1 except Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhi ATCC 19214, all strains had the same results in both the disk diffusion test as in CIM. That way the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of EHPG 10% may represent important therapeutic potential, particularly for animal health in organic and agroecological production systems, where the use of chemical antibiotics is vetoed. It is concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum Linn. has antimicrobial activity, demonstrating potential benefit for the control of bovine mastitis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do potencial de Talaromyces funiculosus no biocontrole da ferrugem asiática da soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Macedo, Nixau Wauters; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Oliveira Júnior, Admilton Gonçalves de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-5146; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0212864823556099
Soybean is one of the most planted and economically important crops in the world. Like most cultivated species, soybean cultivation faces phytosanitary problems, such as diseases, the main one being soybean rust, a polycyclic disease caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Chemical management and the adoption of the sanitary vacuum are the main strategies to combat the disease in the field. However, since the 2004/2005 crop, the efficiency of fungicides in rust control has been drastically reduced. Thus, the sector has sought to develop biological control strategies that can add to the management measures adopted in order to enhance them and also reduce the environmental impacts arising from the massive use of chemical control. In the present work, an isolate of Talaromyces funiculosus was identified and its potential use as a biological control agent for soybean rust was observed in in vitro and field trials. The observation of the interaction between Talaromyces funiculosus and Phakopsora pachyrhizi in ESM shows the occurrence of mycoparasitism as one of the possible mechanisms of antagonism. Furthermore, the use of a solution of metabolites secreted by T. funiculosus, free from the fungus, is also capable of reducing rust severity. In sum, the results obtained here indicate that the identified isolate has potential for the development of a biological and semiochemical product for preventive management of soybean rust.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos efeitos da luz LED vermelha e branca, sobre a produção de poedeiras comerciais com mais de 70 semanas de vida
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023-04-28) Monteiro, Nicoly Maria Peres; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Moraes, José Evandro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-6661; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012995568847873; Tamehiro, Claudia Yurika; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-2130; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3001407216866732; Porto, Emília de Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-2533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7968074715970358; Sakamoto, Márcia Izumi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1359471073257422
The constant increase in egg production year after year creates opportunities for new technologies. In this way, the lighting programs have been renewed, with different colors, in order to increase the production and quality of the eggs. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the red LED lamp compared to the white LED lamp on the production of commercial laying hens with more than 70 weeks of life. 1920 commercial laying hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage with 70 weeks of age were used. The light sources used were: Red LED, White LED. The variables egg weight, production percentage, feed intake (g/bird/day), feed conversion (kg/kg), feed conversion (kg/dz), albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color, peel strength, percentage of peel, thickness of peel. The birds received a continuous lighting program of 16 hours per day. A completely randomized design was adopted, with 480 birds per repetition, totaling 2 treatments and 8 repetitions. The variables were initially submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify whether or not the data have a normal distribution. Variables with normal distribution are presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation. For comparison between treatments, the T test for independent samples was used. Productive and egg quality indices did not suffer any influences (p > 0.05) between the evaluated lamp colors. It is concluded that the color of the white or red LED lamp has no influence on the performance characteristics and egg quality of commercial laying hens with more than 70 weeks of life.