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Navegando Dissertações por Assunto "6. Água potável e saneamento"
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- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Análise da fragilidade e do conflito de uso do solo em área de recarga do Aquífero Guarani(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-05-26) Andrade, Daniel Campanelli de; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Caviglione, João Henrique; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-0031; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8720140370218094; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Medri, Cristiano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2413-9376; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5988159401368852This essay had the aim of evaluating the fragility and the conflict of the use of soils from six watersheds on the recharging area of Guarani Aquifer, on the Rio das Cinzas’s medium watershed, Norte Pioneiro Paraná. From the using of geotechnologies and the Boolean logic for maps creation, it was possible to gather data referring to the current use of the soil, erosion’s natural potential (ENP), agricultural aptitude of the grounds and to end, the analyses of the conflict of the soil’s use. These are essential studies to prevent environmental impact, whose results enable planning in search of sustainability. The results demonstrated the high potential of soil loss, confirming the fragility of the region. In relation to the uses, it was found all the predetermined sorts, water, urban, forest, silviculture, farming and pasture, standing out the last two ones. The lands of the study area of the search shows a lot of agriculture aptitudes, from the good for farming up to the regular for pasture. The analyses’ result about the conflict of the soil’s use demonstrated the lack of planning when choosing the cultivation implanted, presenting vast areas with underutilization of the soil and some of them with overutilization. This lack of planning combined with the fragility in potential presented's by the soils might bring about significant losses, less agricultural productivity and direct impacts on Guarani Aquifer’s recharging.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Atividade larvicida e caracterização fitoquímica do extrato hidroetanólico de Ruta graveolens L. contra Aedes aegypti(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Costa, Poliana Caruline Rosa da; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Bovolenta, Yves Rafael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-1848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4601902582773437; Silva, José Renato da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-7768; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8034221689854743The increase in diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors and the resistance associated with the continuous use of synthetic insecticides highlight the need for effective and environmentally safe alternatives. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens L. against Aedes aegypti larvae, as well as to chemically characterize the extract. The extract was obtained by maceration in a 70% hydroethanolic solution, followed by concentration and lyophilization. A. aegypti eggs were collected using ovitraps in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil, and the larvae were reared to the L3 and L4 stages. Larvicidal bioassays were performed in quadruplicate, with 40 larvae per treatment, using concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of exposure, mortality rates of 65% were observed at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, whereas the concentration of 1 mg/mL resulted in 100% mortality, a result equivalent to the commercial larvicide used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of total phenolics (58.76 ± 1.70 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (41.55 ± 1.30 mg QE/g). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of rutin in the extract, while quercetin was not detected. These results demonstrate the strong larvicidal potential of the hydroethanolic extract of R. graveolens, particularly at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, indicating its viability as an alternative for A. aegypti control and supporting further studies to determine lethal doses and assess toxicological safety.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação da potabilidade de água bruta no município de Bandeirantes-PR(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-02-28) Zamboni, Silvia Aparecida Schmith; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Cruz, Mariza Fordelone Rosa da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7910-8820; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5308615937693528; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Lima, Cristina Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-4286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3072842301542197; Alves, Karina Aline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881Even if our planet is filled with water, the potable portion is very small in comparison to all existing water, besides an irregular distribution among the population, and suffering more and more degradation by man, due to industrialization, agriculture, for example. Several parameters are analyzed for this to be accomplished, and based on this, this work analyzed the physical, chemical and microbiological parameters of the treatment plant (ETA) of the municipality of Bandeirantes – PR at its six catchment points (Rio das Cinzas – RC, four points of the Guarani Aquifer – AG1, AG2, AG3 and AG4 and Poço Artesiano Sertãozinho – PAS), comparing the seasons of the year in three consecutive years. pH, turbidity, organic matter, color, heterotrophic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms were evaluated. The results demonstrated, for example, that the RC point presented pH close to neutrality, while in the PAS point it had a range of 6.9 to 8.0 and in the aquifers values with higher pH between 8.0 and 9.6, that is, also higher in comparison to the RC point. Alkalinity was higher in the aquifers with intervals of 75–163 mg/L CaCO₃ between them, and PAS ranged from 109–130 mg/L CaCO₃ compared to RC, which had values of 46–55 mg/L CaCO₃, which is related to the higher pH and the high alkalinity of the aquifers. In the same way, dissolved oxygen with values at the RC point obtained higher values ranging from 5.45–16.2 mg/L, while in aquifers AG1, AG2, AG3 and AG4 obtained smaller values with intervals between 0.56–8.50 mg/L, and PAS ranged from 4.39–14.9 mg/L, due to the depth and high temperatures of these sites. In addition, data from the analysis of pesticides in water proved to be satisfactory under the legislation. It is concluded with this study that the RC point needs a more complex treatment for its use destined to the consumption of the population of the municipality in question.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consumo e custo de transporte de água para a pulverização agrícola(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-02-25) Moraes, Eder Dias de; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760In rural areas, water is used, among other purposes, in agricultural spraying as the solvent and carrier for agrochemical applications. This study aimed to quantify water consumption for agricultural spraying in the 2014/15 season and to estimate water requirements for 2024 for soybean, sugarcane, cotton, maize, and wheat, together with an estimate of water transport logistics costs. Average application frequencies and spray volumes recorded for the evaluated crops were used in the calculations. A field survey was carried out with 60 farmers across 10 Brazilian states participating in agrochemical application quality‑improvement programmes; the data collected enabled estimation of farm characteristics and associated water transport logistics costs. Sugarcane (185.91 L ha⁻¹) and wheat (182.22 L ha⁻¹) had the highest application volumes, while cotton (122.50 L ha⁻¹) had the lowest. Brazil consumed 41.87 Mm³ of water for agrochemical applications in the 2014/15 season to meet the requirements of the crops evaluated. Projected to 2024, water consumption could fall to approximately 18.35% of the 2014/15 volume if all applications adopted the most water‑efficient technology currently available in agriculture. Water transport costs per cubic metre tend to increase with farm size; however, higher utilisation rates of water‑delivery vehicles (water tankers) spread fixed charges over larger volumes, lowering the unit cost per m³. Adopting application techniques that reduce spray volume per hectare and strategies that lower spray frequency can help conserve available water resources and reserves. Larger cultivated areas favour the adoption of more efficient spraying technology and reduce the cost per m³ of water used.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Infiltração da água em solos sob diferente uso(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-12-16) Rodrigues, Eduardo Henrique Ribeiro; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Lima, Julião Soares de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-3937; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4456536143814608Knowing the process of infiltration of water into the soil becomes important to carry out the agricultural planning, irrigation sizing, drainage and establishment of methods of soil conservation. The objective of this study was to analyze the infiltration of water in Eutrophic Red Latosol (LVef) and Eutrophic Red Nitosol (NVef) under different uses, being a permanent preservation area (PPA), direct seeding (DS) and pasture (PT), sugarcane area (SC) and coffee area (CF) in LVef. The infiltration of concentric rings was used for the infiltration tests, which determined the infiltration rate (IR) and accumulated infiltration (I) through the empirical models of Kostiakov and Kostiakov-Lewis as well as an adjusted model. Physical parameters, such as total porosity, macro and microporosity, and soil density, determined from undisturbed soil samples were determined. And from the Stolf impact penetrometer we identified the soil layers with the highest soil mechanical resistance to penetration (MRP). In all areas, three replications were performed for the water infiltration tests, as well as three undisturbed soil samples collected and the MRP analyzed in three replicates. PPA was the site where the highest IR (0.68 cm m-1) and I (157.4 cm) occurred, followed by PT (132.6 cm m-1 and 0.61 cm), CF (80.2 cm-1 and 0.38 cm) and PT (77.8 cm m-1 and 0.35 cm). The areas of DS and SC had lower values of IR and I, 11.7 cm m-1 and 0.08 cm and 21.1 cm m-1 and 0.11 cm respectively, where it was also identified on the surface (0, 0 - 0.10 m) lower macroporosity value (8% for both) and higher MRP in the depth of up to 0.20 m. PPA, PT and CF had higher AMSY from the 0.20 m depth. The infiltration of water into the soil and the MRP are related to the other physical factors studied.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Potencial fitorremediador de adubos verdes em solos contaminados com herbicidas(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-07-31) Fávaro, Bruna de Lima; Conte, Ana Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1406959857364094; Conte, Ana Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1406959857364094; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828; Lima, Claudinei Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8352085023073169; Souza, Juliana Aparecida de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1781930088707636; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449Remediation of contaminated soils is necessary, but traditional remediation techniques are very costly. Phytoremediation is a simple and low-cost technique, where different plant species can be used, among which are green manures, which also improve the physical, chemical and biological conditions of the soil, bringing benefits such as nutrient cycling and reduction of water evaporation in the soil. This study aimed to verify the efficiency of green manures as phytoremediating plants in soils contaminated with herbicides, through analysis with a bioindicator crop. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Experimental Farm Prof. Dr. Eduardo Meneghel Rando of the State University of Northern Paraná, Campus Luiz Meneghel, in the municipality of Bandeirantes – Paraná. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with a 6×2×3 scheme, comprising 5 green manures: 2 species of Crotalaria (Crotalaria breviflora and Crotalaria spectabilis), black velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens), pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), forage turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa), plus 1 uncovered soil (control); in 2 soil texture classes: very clayey and medium texture; with the application of 3 herbicides considered as contaminant agents: sulfentrazone, clomazone and atrazine, at doses recommended for sugarcane, and soybean (Glycine max) as the bioindicator plant. The experiment was carried out in pots with a capacity of 7 L, filled with soils collected at a depth of 0–20 cm. Sowing of the green manures was performed 20 days after herbicide application, and the crops were grown for 60 days. At the end of the experiment, the phytoremediating plants were evaluated for number of individuals per pot, height, stem diameter, number of leaves, green mass and shoot dry mass; after this evaluation, soybean was sown. The crop was maintained for 50 days and then evaluated for number of plants per pot, height, stem diameter, number of leaves, green mass and shoot dry mass, and visual phytotoxicity. Data were compared by analysis of variance, at a 5% probability level, using SAS software. The results obtained with green manures allowed the conclusion that phytoremediation performance was better in medium-textured soils than in clayey soils, and that the herbicides clomazone and atrazine are more susceptible to phytoremediation when compared to sulfentrazone. After introduction of the bioindicator crop, it presented relatively consistent values, showing that the green manures possess phytoremediation potential for the herbicides tested. The bioindicator also showed better development in medium-textured soils when compared with very clayey soil.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Potencial poluidor de cemitério(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-29) Silva, Diego Contiero da; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Gimenez, Sonia Maria Nobre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3316258548510799; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Branco Jr., Armando Castello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-1649; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4312211430458846Cemeteries are potential sources of enviromental impacts, principally for the risk of contamination of groundwater and surface water by microorganisms proliferate during decomposition process of bodies and chemical substances released. Contamined water may be used by neighborhood population. Major contaminant from cemiteries is leachate. With the objective to evaluate pollution potential of municipal cemetery of Bandeirantes/PR in groundwater and soil, samples wells were drilled in cemetery area and in an external area 30 meters away. Soil samples were collected during the samples wells drilling in three differents depths and water for analysis. Water samples were evaluated in SAAE laboratory in Bandeirantes/PR, according to the water potability standarts from ordinance 2.914/2011 of Ministery of Health and soil samples were sent to the soil laboratory to quantify heavy metal levels. Water samples had microbiological parameters above potability standards and soil samples had copper, chrome and nickel values above the references standards in differents depths.