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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aeronave remotamente pilotável na qualidade da aplicação
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023-04-27) Silva, Adenilson de Souza da; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Baio, Fabio Henrique Rojo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-0342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5720701444145747
Global demand for food continues to rise, necessitating a continuous increase in agricultural production. This highlights the significant importance of the Brazilian agribusiness in the world. In light of this situation, a new application technology has been widely used worldwide: the application with Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAs). There is not much information available about this technology, as research data obtained in Brazil is scarce, leading to inconsistent information generated without scientific support. This hinders more technical analysis of agronomic, environmental, and economic feasibility. The objective of this research was to study the effects of weather conditions, application rates, droplet classes, flight heights, and application speeds on the deposition and coverage of remotely piloted aircraft application. The experiment with application rates and droplet classes was conducted in a 2x2x4 factorial design, with two application conditions during the day (morning and afternoon), two droplet size classes (medium and coarse), and four application rates (5, 6.5, 8.5, 10 L ha-1). The experiments with flight heights and application speeds were set up in a 2x5 (two application conditions × five flight heights - 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 meters) and 2x4 (two application conditions × four operation speeds - 3, 4, 5, and 6 m s-1) factorial design, both experiments at an application rate of 5 L ha-1 and with a medium droplet class. The data were analyzed using canonical analysis techniques. The results indicate that deposition and coverage are not affected by weather conditions in the coarse droplet class but are significantly affected in the medium droplet class. Coverage has a negative relationship with deposition. Applications with favorable weather parameters benefit deposition with the medium droplet class, regardless of the application rate, and coverage is more negatively affected by unfavorable weather conditions than deposition. Coverage and deposition have different effects on changes in application rates. Medium droplet classes provide greater variability in deposition, while coarse droplet classes provide greater variability in coverage. Treatments at heights of 3 and 4 meters had the greatest coverage variability and correlation with relative humidity. There was greater similarity in data variability between speeds of 4 and 5 m s-1 compared to other speeds, indicating that these two speeds do not have statistical differences. Speeds of 3 and 6 m s-1 were the treatments that correlated with deposition and coverage due to their proximity to the vectors. Deposition and coverage exhibited a positive correlation with each other and a negative correlation with meteorological variables. Temperature and humidity were the variables causing the greatest variability in the data. Lower flight heights have a positive impact on coverage and deposition, being less affected by weather conditions. Higher wind speed increases the variability of coverage and deposition. The effect of RPA application speed is dependent on the prevailing meteorological condition at the time of application.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das declarações do cadastro ambiental rural em relação as certificações de área do SIGEF
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023) Fonseca Junior, Edson José; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Duft, Daniel Garbellini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-9687; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1960620473831019
Amidst controversy, the Brazilian Forest Code was sanctioned in 2012, together too a new tool for analyzing rural properties was created, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR). This is a electronic public record, mandatory for all rural properties, the purpose of integrating environmental information on rural properties and possessions referring to Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), of restricted use, Legal Reserve, remnants of forests and other forms of native vegetation, and consolidated areas, composing a database for control, monitoring, environmental and economic planning and combating deforestation. The registration tool has been demonstrating some divergences, in the georeferencing tab, which aims to identify information on land use and occupation and its perimeter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the divergences of information obtained by the CAR due to the different ways of inserting maps and to analyze the precision and accuracy of the topographic survey methods applied to the measurement of rural properties of different sizes and formats. The methodology recommended by SIGEF was adopted for georeferencing purposes, using conventional topography methods, the use of high-precision GNSS equipment and remote sensing. A map generated from Google Earth was produced for each property in a KML file. The maps obtained were inserted into the application for rural environmental registration made available by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment, on the orbital image contained therein, establishing comparisons for each of the methods. The data were processed in topographic automation software and, when possible, the coordinates were adjusted to the Brazilian Continuous Monitoring Network (RBMC). The analyzes of comparisons between the methods were performed Separated into four groups according to the size of the properties. We hope that the Rural Environmental Registry tool can facilitate environmental monitoring and, consequently, ecosystem service. The results showed us that the quality of the registration is directly linked to the quality of the georeferencing section of the CAR application, and when associated with the certification data we have a more reliable result of the declaration. Our data showed that due to the quality of the data used for the CAR declaration we can have positive and negative impacts mainly due to the increase in the provision of ecosystem services (eg water quality) and increase in production costs, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da produção in vivo, alternativas de meio de cultura e diferentes concentrações de inóculo para produção in vitro de Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Isolado UEL 08)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Doneze, Gabriela Souza; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-764X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0613029292752945
Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN) are obligate parasites that have an association with symbiotic bacteria and cause mortality in insects, so they are excellent agents in biological control. EPN-based products are a reality outside Brazil, but here, they are still scarce due to the difficulty of large-scale production. On the other hand, the native isolate Heterorhabditis amazonensis (UEL 08) was evaluated as a potential agent for use in the control of the avian rattlesnake, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Although pathogenicity and virulence tests on the insect indicate that this is a promising isolate, there is no evidence that it can be produced on a large scale and used to control this pest. Therefore, this work aimed to perform in vivo and in vitro production tests of isolate UEL 08. For the in vivo test, Galleria mellonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as host and the production per larva, per gram of larva and total production was evaluated. In vitro production was evaluated using solid and semi-solid medium containing different fat sources (corn, canola, cotton, soybean, coconut, pork fat and bovine milk butter). Subsequently, different inoculum sizes (1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 Infecting Juveniles (IJs)/fry) were evaluated. The trials were conducted in an entirely randomized design, with four replicates for each treatment. In the in vivo production assay we observed a production of 6.5 × 10⁴ IJs/larva and a total production of 6.5 × 10⁵ IJs/repetition. In in vitro production in solid medium, there was a difference between the fat sources used, with corn oil providing the highest production with 926.5 IJs/mL of medium. In semi-solid medium, corn oil also showed the best production, with 3.2 × 10⁴ IJs/mL, differing from all other fat sources evaluated. The IJs produced both in solid and semi-solid medium were virulent when applied on G. mellonella larvae, with mortality values approaching 100%. The best inoculum concentration in semi-solid medium was 1,000 IJs/well.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da saúde do solo por meio da cromatografia de Pfeiffer: aspectos metodológicos e aplicações
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-07-31) Graciano, Igor; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9956; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828
Adequate management of soils is the main factor to be considered when planning sustainable production, since different agricultural practices can alter their quality and, consequently, their productive capacity. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interactions inherent in this system, seeking for less aggressive interventions, which preserve the dynamic balance between chemical, physical and biological components. To estimate this quality, we have adopted the use of indicators, attributes that integrate processes or soil properties, sensitive to changes and easy to perform and interpret. The Pfeiffer Chromatography (PC) is inserted in this context, as a promising tool for quality diagnosis, since it allows integral evaluation of the soil components. Thus, the present study aims to contribute to the development of methodological parameters that make it possible to standardize PC, as well as to evaluate its use as an indicator of soil quality. With respect to the methodological procedures evaluated, it was tried to preserve the simplicity and accessibility of the original proposal, with the purpose of favoring its reproduction in the field by the farmers. The following processes were evaluated qualitatively by visual observation: impregnation of filter paper (FP) with silver nitrate, use of composite samples, sieving and stirring for extraction of soil samples. Additionally, the condition of relative humidity of the air during the extraction and the illumination during the development of the images was evaluated. In relation to the impregnation process of the FP, it was possible to verify differences in the chromas, with better impregnation up to 3.8 cm with volume control and impregnation up to 3 cm without volume control. There was no difference in the methods of sieving and shaking. The use of composite samples proved to be feasible, given the correspondence of the replicates. Finally, it was possible to verify that the relative humidity of the air during the diffusion of the stratum and the illumination during the process of developing the images alter the quality of the chroma. From these results it can be verified that PC can be performed both in the laboratory and in the field, observing the recommended environmental conditions and, in the step of impregnating the FP, adopting the mark of 3 cm or 3.8 cm with volume control. In order to verify the use of PC as an indicator of soil quality, considering its four zones, these were categorized and correlated with other indicators: central zone and resistance to soil penetration, internal zone and chemical parameters, external zone and bioindicators, enzyme zone and enzymes. There was a negative correlation between the central zone and the mean penetration resistance within the 0 – 40 cm depth range. The inner zone presented a positive correlation with the organic matter, the middle zone was strongly correlated with the carbon of the microbial biomass and the external zone presented a significant correlation with the enzymes acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. It is concluded that CP is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of soil quality, demonstrating that from the examination and interpretation of the patterns formed in the different zones, it becomes possible to understand the physical, chemical and biological conditions present in the system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de inoculante longa vida em diferentes períodos de tempo na pré semeadura na cultura da soja (Glycine max L.)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-06-09) Contin, Rodrigo Ferrari; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Manetti, Fabio Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2126891963179008
In search of technological advances for soybean production, many researchers are dedicated to the study of biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) in soybeans, because it is a crop that demands a high amount to develop. Seed inoculation is a technology that establishes the necessary physical contact of the soybean seed as a vehicle for the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the seed. The present study evaluated long-life inoculants in the soybean crop at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days before seeding under the height of the aerial part and stem diameter of the plants, dry and fresh mass of the aerial part and roots, amount of pods with three, two and one grains, mass of a thousand grains and productivity. In the evaluated variables, the use of long-life inoculant is viable technology and its use in soybean sowing is recommended.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação nutricional da soja semi integral extrusada para alimentação de leitões
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2017-11-20) Galiardi, Maria Eliza Brumatti; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Carvalho, Paulo Levi de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-3209; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6095801852303147
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of extruded semi-integral full-fat soybeans in diets for piglets. In the first experiment, a digestibility trial was carried out to determine the apparent total tract digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DMDC), organic matter (OMDC), crude protein (CPDC), gross energy (GEDC), and the metabolizability coefficient of gross energy (GEMC) for extruded semi-integral soybeans. Twelve crossbred (Landrace × Large White) intact males with an initial weight of approximately 18,0 kg were used, with six replicates and one piglet per experimental unit. The total collection method of feces and urine was applied. The test diet replaced 30% of a reference diet. The respective coefficients were 92,33%, 93,73%, 96,49%, 91,21%, and 86,43%. When corrected to 100% dry matter, the contents of digestible dry matter (DDM), digestible organic matter (DOM), digestible protein (DP), digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) were 92,33%, 88,23%, 44,63%, 4626 kcal·kg⁻¹, and 4315,23 kcal·kg⁻¹, respectively. In the second experiment, performance, plasma urea concentration, and economic viability were evaluated using diets with total replacement of solvent-extracted soybean meal by extruded semi-integral full-fat soybeans. Sixty-four crossbred (Landrace × Large White) intact males, averaging 7,46 ± 0,55 kg at the start, were allocated to treatments in a completely randomized design with eight replicates and four piglets per experimental unit. Treatments comprised a corn–soybean meal control diet and a test diet in which soybean meal was fully replaced by extruded semi-integral soybeans. No significant performance differences were detected during the Pre-Initial I phase; however, feed conversion ratio (FCR) differed significantly across the entire experimental period. It is concluded that replacing 100% of soybean meal with extruded semi-integral soybeans did not affect average daily gain or average daily feed intake but impaired feed conversion and worsened economic returns in the overall period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização estrutural e polimorfismo de genes candidatos à efetores de Phakopsora pachyrhizi
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2017-03-30) Castanho, Fernanda Machado; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Zawadzki, Aline Vanessa Sauer; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-9710; Abe, Valeria Yukari; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3231-6928; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8080855435804141; Carvalho, Sandremir de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8684697240694261; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449
Soybean rust (ASR), caused by the obligate biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., is one of the most destructive diseases affecting soybean (Glycine max). Although six loci for resistance to Phakopsora pachyrhizi (Rpp) have been mapped in soybean, no cultivars are yet completely resistant to the wide diversity of pathogenic races of P. pachyrhizi. During infection, the fungus secretes small proteins designated SSPs (Small Secreted Proteins), which may act as virulence effectors in susceptible hosts or as avirulence (Avr) effectors in resistant hosts. The coevolutionary relationship between soybean and the fungus maintains Avr-R interactions under persistent selective pressure. Characterizing genetic variation in candidate effector genes from P. pachyrhizi therefore improves our understanding of the selective forces driving R-Avr coevolution and can help identify key domains involved in recognition. Recently, 13 gene families or tribes enriched in putative P. pachyrhizi effectors were identified, of which families 1, 2, and 3 were highlighted as the most relevant. In this study, we evaluated the molecular structure, genetic variability, and phylogeny of seven candidate effector genes from families 1 and 3. To investigate evolutionary patterns of polymorphism and signatures of selection, three fungal isolates (FTPY15.1M, LDA13.2M, and L.PF02B07) sampled across different years and geographic regions were analyzed. All candidates shared features typical of known effectors: small size, predicted secretion signal peptides, conserved motifs, and cysteine residues. Family 1 candidates exhibited higher polymorphism, totaling 160 SNPs and 8 non-synonymous substitutions, compared with 48 SNPs and 1 non-synonymous substitution in family 3. Family 1 candidates also displayed greater phylogenetic diversity. Candidate gene 5849 alone resolved isolates into two distinct clusters. Both candidate 5849 and candidate 2238 showed significant evidence of positive selection, particularly within conserved RCR motifs. These findings suggest that both genes function as effectors and that the RCR motifs play an important role in R-mediated recognition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cobertura e deposição da aplicação em relação a direção da semeadura e estágio de desenvolvimento da soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-05-03) Cunha, Waldyr Armando Benitez; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Souto, Ana Carolina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4909756168282078; Abi-Saab, Otavio Jorge Grígoli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1757-636X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384
In the search for greater operational capacity and operational ease, different directions of displacement in the sprayer in soybean culture have been carried out, but without evidence whether these decisions affect the quality of the application or not. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the effect on the quality of the application of different directions of displacement of the sprayer in relation to the sowing lines of the soybean crop in different phenological stages. The tests were conducted through field and laboratory research. As soon as the soybean plants reached the desired development stages of V4/V6, R3/R4, R1/R2, R1/R3, R4/R5, R6/R7 (field), and V3/V4 and R3/R4 (laboratory), applications were made. For laboratory application, a CO₂ pressurized sprayer was used, equipped with 6 spray tips spaced 0.5 m apart and at a height of 0.5 m above the highest surface of the plants, and carried out in the directions of 0°, 45° and 90°. For field application, a tractor of the Agrale 4100® brand was used, equipped with a 7-meter spray bar, spaced 0.5 m apart and at a height of 0.5 m above the plants, carried out in the directions of 0° and 90°. For both applications, a syrup containing water + bright blue marker at a concentration of 6 g L⁻¹ was prepared. The quality of the application was assessed using the marker deposit (volume/area) analyzed by spectrophotometry and coverage (%) evaluated at the top, median and bottom of the soybean plants. Coverage and deposit ratio was performed in the upper and lower thirds depending on the direction of application. The results indicate that the coverage and deposit ratio show greater variability as the development stage and leaf area index increase. The 45° application direction showed greater application homogeneity. It is concluded that the directions of spraying did not influence the deposit and coverage of the vegetative stages, however as the development stage increased, higher values and greater dispersion were found for reproductive stages.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de dosador de fertilizantes sólidos de dupla esteira
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-07-30) Delgado, José Fernando de Oliveira; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Alves, Karina Aline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881
The distribution of granular fertilizers is carried out together with sowing and acquired more use with direct planting, which seeks to turn over as little of the soil as possible, but they must be used rationally. Considering the importance of fertilization, the objective of this work was to develop a new concept of fertilizer metering for seeders with a simple technology fertilizer metering mechanism ensuring uniform application. The experiment was carried out in three stages divided between the development of the solid fertilizer dosing prototype, bench testing of the prototype and different inclinations, carried out in the Mechanical Engineering laboratory of the Pitágoras Unopar University, Campus Bandeirantes-PR, and finally the field experiment carried out in the city of Vicentinópolis-GO, using corn crop and fertilizer formulation 08-28-18, implemented in November 2020. The design was in randomized blocks with 02 treatments, in T1 (helical feeder) and T2 (doser conveyor belt), with sampling of 31 sequential plants. The plots consisted of 05 lines of corn, 100 m long by 2.5 m wide, totaling 250 m², and considering the useful area of the central lines of each treatment. The variables analyzed were: height of ear insertion, stem diameter, longitudinal distribution between plants and yield per plant at the end of the crop cycle. The obtained results were submitted to the analysis of control charts of individual values and moving range. The treatments showed similar distribution between plants with an average of 36.7 cm, however, the uniform distribution of fertilizer by T2 (DDE) had an average productivity per plant of 272.72 g compared to T1 (DH) which was 255.4 g per plant, totaling 13,792.12 kg ha⁻¹ for T1 and 14,702.98 kg ha⁻¹ for T2, which represents a real productivity gain of 6.6%.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emergência de plântulas de soja nos substratos areia, comercial e em campo
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-10-25) Bonetti, Rafael Aparecido Torue; Lima, Cristina Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-4286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3072842301542197; Lima, Cristina Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6076-4286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3072842301542197; Bueno, João Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-1141; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2889380559858950; Miyashiro, Camila Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-5222; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2371509251800524
Soy is a species belonging to the family Fabaceae, of Asian origin, a crop of prominence in the world scenario of grains. The characteristics of each substrate must allow the germination and emergence of the seedlings to occur as quickly and uniformly. The substrate is one of the external factors that influence both seed germination and seedling initial development. The use of sand as substrate in the evaluation of seedling emergence test aims to evaluate the physiological quality of soybean seeds. This research aimed to verify the effect of sand, commercial and soil substrates in the field of cultivation on the emergence of soybean seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of the State University of Northern Paraná, Campus Luiz Meneghel, in the municipality of Bandeirantes – PR. For this purpose, seventeen seed lots of four soybean cultivars submitted to the lot characterization tests were used: first reading of germination, germination test in paper roll at 25 °C and water content. The vigor tests: seedling emergence in medium texture sand, Mecplant® soil conditioner and field. Immediately after, the trays were filled with the substrates, one seed per cell on a moist uniform layer and covered with the respective substrates. The trays were kept under a plastic arch shelter; six days after sowing, the counting of the number of normal emerged seedlings (expanded cotyledonary leaves) began. In the field, sowing was performed in the planting furrow; on the eleventh day, the number of normal emerged seedlings was counted. The following vigor tests were performed: Seedling Emergence Velocity Coefficient, mean emergence time, seedling emergence velocity index, and traditional accelerated aging with water. Evaluations included seedling and root length, and seedling green and dry mass. The experimental design was completely randomized, with four replicates for each lot/cultivar. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means grouped by the Scott–Knott test (P ≤ 0.05) using the Sisvar® software. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that the use of sand in the seedling emergence test influenced the results; therefore, the use of the commercial substrate produced more vigorous seedlings and the results were closer to those occurring under field conditions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Georreferenciada de condições climáticas em pulverizações agrícolas
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-04-26) Marubayashi, Rodrigo Yudi Palhaci; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760; Hasegawa, Marcio Massashiko; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-6142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7408707673754694
Variations in weather conditions at the time of application can cause losses in agricultural spraying. Therefore, in this study a methodology was developed to evaluate spatial variability, and the relationship between time and area of occurrence of temperature and relative humidity, collected automatically, georeferenced, and mounted on the agricultural sprayer using sensors installed on the outside of the tractor cab and on the spray bar. Data acquisition was carried out during desiccation of the wheat crop, on 26 and 29 October and 8 November 2015, at 10‑second intervals. The monitoring station was built around an Arduino MEGA 2560 microcontroller, two temperature and relative humidity sensors (model SHT15), an SD‑card storage module, and a GPS module. After assembly, the microcontroller was programmed in the native Arduino environment, based on an open‑source processing platform, using a simplified C‑based language specific to this microcontroller. For installation on the sprayer, an enclosure was designed fitted with an on/off switch, a notebook cooling fan, and a power supply cable. The station was mounted on the exterior of the tractor cab: one SHT15 sensor fixed to the rear of the enclosure, the second SHT15 sensor positioned close to the spray bar, with power supplied to the microcontroller from the tractor battery. Data were interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method and analysed for spatial variability, duration, and area of occurrence across temperature classes (<25 °C; 25–30 °C; 30–35 °C; >35 °C) and relative humidity classes (<30%; 30–45%; 45–60%; >60%). The results indicate that spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity differed between the sensors installed on the tractor cab exterior and those on the spray bar. The sensor mounted on the spray bar recorded lower temperatures and higher relative humidity readings than the sensor installed on the cab exterior. In general, both sensors recorded increasing duration and area of occurrence for the first three temperature and relative‑humidity classes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do teor proteico da dieta na biologia de lagartas do complexo Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2024-02-26) Rodrigues, Millena dos Santos; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Quintela, Eliane Dias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7426637066408803
Spodoptera frugiperda, S. eridania and S. cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are polyphagous pests of economic relevance due to the damage caused to crops such as corn, soybean and cotton. For the development of control programs, knowledge of the biology and nutritional needs of insects is essential. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate biological parameters of S. frugiperda, S. eridania and S. cosmioides reared on artificial diets containing different protein levels under laboratory conditions (24±2 °C, 70±10% RH and 14 h photophase). Four artificial diets were used: diet described by Greene et al. (1976) (D1) and three other modified ones, with reduction of the protein components wheat germ, soy protein, brewer's yeast and powdered milk (casein), by 25% (D2), 50% (D3) and 75% (D4). The parameters evaluated were: viability and duration of the larval and pupal stages, weight of pupae at 24 h, viability and longevity of adults, fecundity and egg viability. The data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis non‑parametric test followed by a Bonferroni‑adjusted significance test at a significance level of 0.05. To evaluate the influence of diets with different protein contents on the number of instars of each species, the caterpillars' cephalic capsule was measured daily using a digital microscope and SFP software. Subsequently, a multimodal frequency distribution curve was plotted, followed by linear regression to confirm the number of instars. For S. frugiperda and S. eridania, diets D1 and D2 resulted in similar viabilities and biological parameters, while for S. cosmioides the most suitable diet was D1. Diets D1, D2 and D3 presented a larval stage with six instars for the three species. The artificial diet with a 25% reduction in protein content (D2) has potential for use in laboratory rearing for the species S. frugiperda and S. eridania.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Processamento de imagens multspectrais para detecção de alterações fisiológicas no milho
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2020-06-05) Fernandes, Ítalo Ruy; Souza, Bruno Miguel Nogueira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9326-7614; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3621235660431170; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Sgarbi, Ederson Marcos; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7460-7283; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4999862994006825; Marrafon, Mateus; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Sauer, Aline Vanessa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-9710; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3853729166385893; Menolli, André Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-8031; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0048431988260726
The present work aimed to identify nutritional stress (NPK) in corn by processing images at different wavelengths. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using PVC tubes with 2350 g of washed sand for corn cultivation. The trial consisted of four treatments: a set of tubes that received complete nutrient solution, complete solution minus nitrogen, complete solution minus phosphorus, and complete solution minus potassium, with 4 replications. The solution was administered (50 mL every 7 days) over a period of 26 days. The tubes were photographed daily by the Slantrange 3p sensor, which has four bands (NIR, RED EDGE, RED, and GREEN). The images were submitted to histogram analysis, correlation, intersection, and application of reflectance calculation. As a preliminary result, differences between treatments were observed from the fourth day onward; both histogram analysis and reflectance calculation proved to be capable of establishing a pattern for differentiating the treatments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Reação de cultivares de feijoeiro comum a isolados de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-09-24) Negreiros, Mariana Magesto de; Torres, João Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-9872; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582950118304206; Torres, João Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-9872; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582950118304206; Canteri, Marcelo Giovanetti; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-5909; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8756197722397278; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Bueno, João Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-1141; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2889380559858950; Sumida, Ciro Hideki; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5355869058801821
Fusarium’s wilt is a disease caused by the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop) fungus. The most effective control method is the use of resistant cultivars, but the pathogen’s physiological variability makes the resistant cultivars development difficult by the breeding programs. The objective of this paper is to characterize the reaction of the main commercial bean cultivars of Paraná’s State (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as to resistance to different Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli isolates. There were obtained and characterized four monosporic isolates, two from different Paraná locations (IPR7 and APR1) and two from Minas Gerais (PMG2 and PMG5). Four other isolates obtained from symptomatic plants of Paraná were identified as F. solani. The identification of the isolates was performed by PCR (SCAR-RAPD and PCR-ITS) and morphological evaluation of macro and microconidia. Fop isolates were also evaluated for pathogenesis and aggressiveness in 15 common bean cultivars. The inoculation of the bean plants was performed by the root immersion method in suspension of conidia under greenhouse conditions, and the evaluations using a CIAT severity score scale at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 32 days after inoculation. Isolates IPR7, PMG2, APR1 and PMG5, all identified as Fop, were obtained through morphological and molecular evaluation. Of the isolates produced from the P2 plant (Arapoti/PR), four were identified as F. solani (monosporic P2.3, P2.13, P2.14 and P2.15) and the other as Fop. The PMG5, PMG2, IPR7 and IAC9453 isolates were shown as intermediates as to the pathogenesis on the differentiating cultivars and on the control ones too. The evaluated common bean commercial cultivars showed intermediary resistance and reactions as to the studied isolates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Validação de um sistema para análise funcional de genes em Phakopsora pachyrhizi via silenciamento gênico mediado por aplicação ectópica de dsRNA
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-07-31) Costa, Roberta de Paula Saturnino; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Torres, João Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-9872; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2582950118304206; Carvalho, Kenia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6278825285024494; Seiva, Fábio Rodrigues Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7461-8773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2646377436835972; Carvalho, Sandremir de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8684697240694261
RNA interference (RNAi) induced by direct dsRNA application has emerged as a promising strategy both for functional gene analysis and for the management of pests and pathogens. Although the RNA-silencing machinery of Phakopsora pachyrhizi remains uncharacterized, the prospect of applying this approach to an obligate biotrophic pathogen that severely impacts soybean, one of the world’s most important commodities, is particularly attractive. We sprayed GFP-dsRNA directly onto detached soybean leaves and observed that dsRNA was taken up by the foliage, remained detectable throughout the fungal infection cycle, and was even transmitted to the first generation of spores. GFP-dsRNA fluorescence was observed predominantly in the spore germ tubes. We then targeted a predicted essential gene from P. pachyrhizi (de_novo_4692) and recorded a dose-dependent silencing efficiency of up to 86.6%, with the strongest effect occurring at the lowest dose tested (50 ng/μL). Disease-severity assays on silenced detached leaves revealed a significant reduction in symptom development. These results demonstrate that foliar dsRNA application effectively triggers target-gene silencing in P. pachyrhizi, indicating that this approach holds promise for functional genomic studies and represents an innovative alternative to conventional fungicides.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variabilidade da cobertura com diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização na cultura do milho
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Silvério, Marcio Aparecido; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Antuniassi, Ulisses Rocha; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-8664; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827
The quality of the application is directly related to the choice of the spray nozzle model and the leaf angle presented by the crop. Given the scarce literature on the subject, this study aimed to evaluate different spray nozzle models in terms of application coverage on corn leaves with vertical and horizontal angles in the plant. The experiments were conducted in both field and laboratory settings. Twelve spray nozzle models with different spray projection angles were analyzed: flat fan, pre-orifice flat fan, air-induction flat fan, deflector flat fan, dual flat fan, inclined-angle flat fan, and hollow and full cone nozzles. The application rate was standardized at 100 L ha−1, controlled by pressure, flow rate, and boom travel speed. The spray solution used in the applications was composed of a fluorescent orange tracer at a concentration of 2.5 g L−1. The field experiment followed a randomized block design with four replications, six plants per repetition, and three distinct crop stages (V5/V6, V7, and VT). In the laboratory experiment, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and two artificial plants. After application, the leaves were detached, sectioned, and images were captured in a dark environment under ultraviolet light. The images were then automatically processed to quantify spray droplet coverage. Coverage was analyzed in the upper, middle, and lower regions of the corn plant and the artificial plant, as well as in the adaxial, abaxial, basal, middle, and apical regions of the corn leaves. The results were interpreted using a dendrogram, applying dissimilarity analysis techniques based on the Euclidean distance method and complete hierarchical clustering, considering the spray nozzle models and the coverage analysis locations. Experiments with targets or leaves positioned vertically showed greater variability among groups, resulting in less similarity between nozzles and the evaluated plant and leaf regions. In contrast, experiments with horizontal targets allowed for a better definition of the relationships between nozzles and coverage in different plant regions, indicating similar performance in specific regions such as the lower and middle sections. Coverage was well-defined in regions of lower variability (basal > middle > apical) and (adaxial > abaxial) compared to those with greater variability (whorl, upper, middle, and lower). Additionally, differences exist among nozzles within the same flat-fan and cone- jet classes, highlighting distinctions in nozzle models based on spray angle design, pressure, and droplet classification.

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