Navegando por Autor "Graciano, Igor"

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    Avaliação da saúde do solo por meio da cromatografia de Pfeiffer: aspectos metodológicos e aplicações
    (Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-07-31) Graciano, Igor; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Franco, Fernando Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9093-9956; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3218633711361955; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828
    Adequate management of soils is the main factor to be considered when planning sustainable production, since different agricultural practices can alter their quality and, consequently, their productive capacity. Thus, it is necessary to understand the interactions inherent in this system, seeking for less aggressive interventions, which preserve the dynamic balance between chemical, physical and biological components. To estimate this quality, we have adopted the use of indicators, attributes that integrate processes or soil properties, sensitive to changes and easy to perform and interpret. The Pfeiffer Chromatography (PC) is inserted in this context, as a promising tool for quality diagnosis, since it allows integral evaluation of the soil components. Thus, the present study aims to contribute to the development of methodological parameters that make it possible to standardize PC, as well as to evaluate its use as an indicator of soil quality. With respect to the methodological procedures evaluated, it was tried to preserve the simplicity and accessibility of the original proposal, with the purpose of favoring its reproduction in the field by the farmers. The following processes were evaluated qualitatively by visual observation: impregnation of filter paper (FP) with silver nitrate, use of composite samples, sieving and stirring for extraction of soil samples. Additionally, the condition of relative humidity of the air during the extraction and the illumination during the development of the images was evaluated. In relation to the impregnation process of the FP, it was possible to verify differences in the chromas, with better impregnation up to 3.8 cm with volume control and impregnation up to 3 cm without volume control. There was no difference in the methods of sieving and shaking. The use of composite samples proved to be feasible, given the correspondence of the replicates. Finally, it was possible to verify that the relative humidity of the air during the diffusion of the stratum and the illumination during the process of developing the images alter the quality of the chroma. From these results it can be verified that PC can be performed both in the laboratory and in the field, observing the recommended environmental conditions and, in the step of impregnating the FP, adopting the mark of 3 cm or 3.8 cm with volume control. In order to verify the use of PC as an indicator of soil quality, considering its four zones, these were categorized and correlated with other indicators: central zone and resistance to soil penetration, internal zone and chemical parameters, external zone and bioindicators, enzyme zone and enzymes. There was a negative correlation between the central zone and the mean penetration resistance within the 0 – 40 cm depth range. The inner zone presented a positive correlation with the organic matter, the middle zone was strongly correlated with the carbon of the microbial biomass and the external zone presented a significant correlation with the enzymes acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase. It is concluded that CP is a sensitive method for the diagnosis of soil quality, demonstrating that from the examination and interpretation of the patterns formed in the different zones, it becomes possible to understand the physical, chemical and biological conditions present in the system.