Ciências Agrárias

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Navegando Ciências Agrárias por Assunto "Adubação"

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    Dissertação
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    Inoculação com Rhizobium tropici e coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilienses na eficiência nutricional e produtiva do feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris)
    (Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Paludetto, Alexandre; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Umburanas, Renan Caldas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-3598; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6449755247106523
    The bean crop (Phaseolus vulgaris) is important in the national agricultural and socioeconomic scenario, represents an important source of protein for human consumption and makes up the plate of millions of Brazilians. Thus, improving the productivity of this crop must always be a strategy for regional development and food security. The objective of this work was to evaluate the productive potential and the nutritional efficiency of the common bean and black bean crop in the pioneer north region of Paraná, quantifying the inoculation response associated with coinoculation and topdressing nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out in an area installed at the Luiz Natal Bonin Experimental Station - IAPAR in the city of Cambará/PR. Five treatments and two subtypes of bean were used with 4 replications: T1: No N and no inoculation; T2: without inoculant with N fertilizer in topdressing; T3: Rhizobium tropici inoculant via seed; T4: Rhizobium tropici inoculant via seed + co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense via seed; T5: Inoculant with Azospirillum brasilense via seed. Sowing fertilization in all treatments was 50 kg ha⁻¹ of P2O5 and 50 kg ha⁻¹ of K2O. In T2, 30 kg ha⁻¹ of N in the form of ammonium sulfate was used. Evaluations were carried out along the cycle, to evaluate the nodulation, and the morphology of the plants. At the end of the cycle, the production components, shoot dry mass, N accumulation, productivity and N use efficiency were also evaluated. There was a significant interaction between bean subtypes and treatments only for the diameter of the collar of the plants. Inoculation, co-inoculation or N in coverage did not improve the biometric parameters of the culture, the accumulation of plant dry mass and the weight of a thousand seeds. The non-inoculated treatments showed the native presence of Rhizobia, which contributed to the control performance. The average harvest index obtained in the experiment was 0.42%. The T4 had a productivity 33% higher than the control, but the isolated inoculations produced the same as the control and the N application in topdressing. The nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and the N absorption efficiency (NAE) weren't influenced by the treatments and bean subtypes, consequently, the gains of yield the T4 treatment, which was two microorganisms application, are associated with the effect of growth promotion. The total extraction of nutrients considering shoot, root and grains, we obtained the following average extraction order between treatments N > K > Ca > Mg > P > S with values respectively of 149.1; 106.8; 67.7; 16.0; 13.2 and 11.9 kg ha⁻¹. Inoculation + co-inoculation increased productivity, and further studies should be carried out to test the environmental interaction with these microorganisms.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Dissertação
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    Moringa oleifera como alternativa forrageira: cultivo sob diferentes adubações e inclusão em silagens
    (Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Silva, Pedro Henrique da; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Maeda, Emilyn Midori; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999; Mexia, Alexandre Agostinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582022951027835; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582022951027835; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530
    This study evaluated the potential of Moringa oleifera as a forage and nutritional alternative in two complementary experiments conducted at UENP/CLM (Bandeirantes–PR, Brazil). In Chapter I, the effect of two types of nitrogen fertilization (bovine horn and hoof powder, and urea) and three cutting heights (1.96 m, 3.00 m, and 3.40 m) on the productivity and bromatological composition of M. oleifera was investigated. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. Dry matter (DM) yield per hectare increased with cutting height, ranging from 7.2 t DM/ha (1.96 m) to 15.8 t DM/ha (3.40 m), with no significant differences between fertilizer types. The percentage of DM rose from 15.5–17.5% at 1.96 m to 22.2–24.4% at 3.40 m, with urea yielding the highest absolute values for DM (up to 20.3%) and crude protein (CP) (up to 17.9%). Lower cuts (1.96 m) resulted in higher leaf proportion, crude protein, and digestibility (TDN), while taller cuts led to greater stem proportion and fiber content (NDF), reducing nutritional quality. In Chapter II, the progressive inclusion of M. oleifera (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in silages of three forages—elephant grass (BRS Capiaçu), maize, and sugarcane—was evaluated. After 30–40 days of ensiling in PVC silos, pH, compaction, effluent losses, and bromatological composition (DM, CP, Ash, NDF, TDN) were analyzed. It is concluded that Moringa oleifera, managed with optimized cutting (around 3.0 m) and partially included (25–75%) in silages, represents a viable and sustainable strategy to enhance protein content, reduce fiber fractions, and improve the digestibility of forages, contributing to nutritional security and productivity in animal production systems.