Navegando por Autor "Moraes, Eder Dias de"

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    Consumo e custo de transporte de água para a pulverização agrícola
    (Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-02-25) Moraes, Eder Dias de; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760
    In rural areas, water is used, among other purposes, in agricultural spraying as the solvent and carrier for agrochemical applications. This study aimed to quantify water consumption for agricultural spraying in the 2014/15 season and to estimate water requirements for 2024 for soybean, sugarcane, cotton, maize, and wheat, together with an estimate of water transport logistics costs. Average application frequencies and spray volumes recorded for the evaluated crops were used in the calculations. A field survey was carried out with 60 farmers across 10 Brazilian states participating in agrochemical application quality‑improvement programmes; the data collected enabled estimation of farm characteristics and associated water transport logistics costs. Sugarcane (185.91 L ha⁻¹) and wheat (182.22 L ha⁻¹) had the highest application volumes, while cotton (122.50 L ha⁻¹) had the lowest. Brazil consumed 41.87 Mm³ of water for agrochemical applications in the 2014/15 season to meet the requirements of the crops evaluated. Projected to 2024, water consumption could fall to approximately 18.35% of the 2014/15 volume if all applications adopted the most water‑efficient technology currently available in agriculture. Water transport costs per cubic metre tend to increase with farm size; however, higher utilisation rates of water‑delivery vehicles (water tankers) spread fixed charges over larger volumes, lowering the unit cost per m³. Adopting application techniques that reduce spray volume per hectare and strategies that lower spray frequency can help conserve available water resources and reserves. Larger cultivated areas favour the adoption of more efficient spraying technology and reduce the cost per m³ of water used.