Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia
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Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia por Autor "Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli"
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- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consumo e custo de transporte de água para a pulverização agrícola(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-02-25) Moraes, Eder Dias de; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760In rural areas, water is used, among other purposes, in agricultural spraying as the solvent and carrier for agrochemical applications. This study aimed to quantify water consumption for agricultural spraying in the 2014/15 season and to estimate water requirements for 2024 for soybean, sugarcane, cotton, maize, and wheat, together with an estimate of water transport logistics costs. Average application frequencies and spray volumes recorded for the evaluated crops were used in the calculations. A field survey was carried out with 60 farmers across 10 Brazilian states participating in agrochemical application quality‑improvement programmes; the data collected enabled estimation of farm characteristics and associated water transport logistics costs. Sugarcane (185.91 L ha⁻¹) and wheat (182.22 L ha⁻¹) had the highest application volumes, while cotton (122.50 L ha⁻¹) had the lowest. Brazil consumed 41.87 Mm³ of water for agrochemical applications in the 2014/15 season to meet the requirements of the crops evaluated. Projected to 2024, water consumption could fall to approximately 18.35% of the 2014/15 volume if all applications adopted the most water‑efficient technology currently available in agriculture. Water transport costs per cubic metre tend to increase with farm size; however, higher utilisation rates of water‑delivery vehicles (water tankers) spread fixed charges over larger volumes, lowering the unit cost per m³. Adopting application techniques that reduce spray volume per hectare and strategies that lower spray frequency can help conserve available water resources and reserves. Larger cultivated areas favour the adoption of more efficient spraying technology and reduce the cost per m³ of water used.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Doses e taxas de aplicação de clethodim e quizalofope-p-metílico para o controle de milho(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-02-19) Batista, Bruno Gonçalves; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760; Osipe, Jethro Barros; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384Weed control in soybean crops has presented challenges. When sowing follows a second‑season corn crop, volunteer corn is regarded as a weed that is difficult to control. It is therefore necessary to establish the optimal application timing and herbicide rates to achieve satisfactory control. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of three rates of two post‑emergence herbicides applied at different concentrations for volunteer corn control. Two experiments were conducted, each comprising twelve treatments and four replications in a randomized complete block design. Treatments combined two spray volumes (100 and 200 L ha⁻¹), two herbicides each applied at three rates — Clethodim (84, 120, and 156 g a.i. ha⁻¹) corresponding to commercial rates of Select (0.35, 0.50, and 0.65 L p.c. ha⁻¹); and Quizalofop‑P‑methyl (85, 100, and 115 g a.i. ha⁻¹) corresponding to commercial rates of Targa (1.7, 2.0, and 2.3 L p.c. ha⁻¹) — plus two spray nozzle types: fine droplet (AXI 11002) and medium droplet (AXI 11003). Control of volunteer corn at growth stages V4–V5 was unaffected by application volume, herbicide rate, droplet size, or spray concentration, indicating that lower water volumes and reduced rates of Clethodim and Quizalofop‑P‑methyl may be used effectively. Quizalofop‑P‑methyl provided superior control compared with Clethodim at growth stages V8–V9, irrespective of application volume, herbicide rate, droplet size, or spray concentration.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Georreferenciada de condições climáticas em pulverizações agrícolas(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-04-26) Marubayashi, Rodrigo Yudi Palhaci; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384; Rodrigues, Euripedes Bomfim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6531-878X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9720688699522760; Hasegawa, Marcio Massashiko; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9722-6142; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7408707673754694Variations in weather conditions at the time of application can cause losses in agricultural spraying. Therefore, in this study a methodology was developed to evaluate spatial variability, and the relationship between time and area of occurrence of temperature and relative humidity, collected automatically, georeferenced, and mounted on the agricultural sprayer using sensors installed on the outside of the tractor cab and on the spray bar. Data acquisition was carried out during desiccation of the wheat crop, on 26 and 29 October and 8 November 2015, at 10‑second intervals. The monitoring station was built around an Arduino MEGA 2560 microcontroller, two temperature and relative humidity sensors (model SHT15), an SD‑card storage module, and a GPS module. After assembly, the microcontroller was programmed in the native Arduino environment, based on an open‑source processing platform, using a simplified C‑based language specific to this microcontroller. For installation on the sprayer, an enclosure was designed fitted with an on/off switch, a notebook cooling fan, and a power supply cable. The station was mounted on the exterior of the tractor cab: one SHT15 sensor fixed to the rear of the enclosure, the second SHT15 sensor positioned close to the spray bar, with power supplied to the microcontroller from the tractor battery. Data were interpolated using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method and analysed for spatial variability, duration, and area of occurrence across temperature classes (<25 °C; 25–30 °C; 30–35 °C; >35 °C) and relative humidity classes (<30%; 30–45%; 45–60%; >60%). The results indicate that spatial variability of temperature and relative humidity differed between the sensors installed on the tractor cab exterior and those on the spray bar. The sensor mounted on the spray bar recorded lower temperatures and higher relative humidity readings than the sensor installed on the cab exterior. In general, both sensors recorded increasing duration and area of occurrence for the first three temperature and relative‑humidity classes.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Volatilidade de herbicidas em duas condições ambientais controladas(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-09-27) Pires, José Luis Mailkut; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Sachs, Luís Guilherme; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9026-483X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8396109344405837; Abi-Saab, Otávio Jorge Grigoli; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Antuniassi, Ulisses Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502Volatilisation can reduce herbicide efficacy for weed control and cause environmental contamination as well as phytotoxicity in sensitive crops, because environmental conditions at the time of application strongly influence the process. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two controlled relative humidity levels on herbicide volatilisation. The experiment used a completely randomised design with five replications. Volatilisation of the herbicides 2,4‑D, trifluralin, haloxyfop‑P‑methyl, glyphosate, and clomazone was assessed at seven intervals (1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 4 h, 5 h, 6 h, and 7 h after application), under two relative humidity regimes (47% and 70%, both ±2%) and constant temperature (25 °C ±2 °C). Volatilisation was measured according to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards — ABNT (Standard NBR 13238:2014) and expressed as the percentage of active ingredient lost through volatilisation. Volatilisation increased over time and stabilised for all herbicides three hours after deposition. Reporting relative humidity is therefore recommended in standard herbicide volatilisation testing, because increasing humidity from 47% to 70% reduced trifluralin volatilisation. The ranking for decreasing volatilisation was: haloxyfop‑P‑methyl > glyphosate > 2,4‑D > trifluralin = clomazone.