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Navegando Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia por Assunto "3. Saúde e bem-estar"
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- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Associação da condutibilidade elétrica do leite à cultura microbiológica na fazenda no ato da secagem de vacas Jersey em sistema de Compost Barn e ordenha(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-03-31) Silva, Jessica Quirino da; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Zacarias, Francielle Gibson da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-675X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1740021520322135; Filho, Ivan Roque de Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-9358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3978670586325267; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Alberton, Luiz Romulo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-0467; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800644716976971The expansion of agricultural crops and pasture areas was responsible for most of the deforestation in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná. In this study, landscape fragmentation and its temporal evolution were evaluated by applying landscape ecology metrics in the period corresponding to the 1970s and 2012 (42 years), comparing the results of the metrics regarding their ability to demonstrate causes and consequences of forest fragmentation. The study area is located in the municipality of Bandeirantes-PR, situated between the coordinates 50°25'44" to 50°16'43" W and 23°14'05" to 23°05'59" S. Assessments of deforestation and degree of fragmentation were carried out using remote sensing data and landscape analysis. The results revealed that there was a reduction in the number of fragments between the periods: in 1970, 634 fragments, and in 2012, 312 fragments, which corresponds to 322 fragments less, and in percentage this is equivalent to 49% of the examined area. The study area has been undergoing landscape transformations since 1970, and the degree of fragmentation of native vegetation areas was replaced by temporary and permanent crops and pasture. Thus, the results of this study indicate that deforestation affected almost half of the natural vegetation until 2012, aggravating the integrity of native vegetation fragments in the study area.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Atividade larvicida e caracterização fitoquímica do extrato hidroetanólico de Ruta graveolens L. contra Aedes aegypti(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Costa, Poliana Caruline Rosa da; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Bovolenta, Yves Rafael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-1848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4601902582773437; Silva, José Renato da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-7768; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8034221689854743The increase in diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors and the resistance associated with the continuous use of synthetic insecticides highlight the need for effective and environmentally safe alternatives. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens L. against Aedes aegypti larvae, as well as to chemically characterize the extract. The extract was obtained by maceration in a 70% hydroethanolic solution, followed by concentration and lyophilization. A. aegypti eggs were collected using ovitraps in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil, and the larvae were reared to the L3 and L4 stages. Larvicidal bioassays were performed in quadruplicate, with 40 larvae per treatment, using concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of exposure, mortality rates of 65% were observed at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, whereas the concentration of 1 mg/mL resulted in 100% mortality, a result equivalent to the commercial larvicide used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of total phenolics (58.76 ± 1.70 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (41.55 ± 1.30 mg QE/g). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of rutin in the extract, while quercetin was not detected. These results demonstrate the strong larvicidal potential of the hydroethanolic extract of R. graveolens, particularly at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, indicating its viability as an alternative for A. aegypti control and supporting further studies to determine lethal doses and assess toxicological safety.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Atividade nematicida de extratos de Brugmansia suaveolens sobre Meloidogyne incognita(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Venâncio, Stéphany de Campos; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585Meloidogyne incognita stands out as one of the most aggressive and widely distributed species in tropical regions, causing severe damage to plant root systems. The need for alternatives to synthetic nematicides drives research into plant-based compounds with biological potential and lower environmental impact. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, using J2 obtained from infected tomato roots, processed with sodium hypochlorite solution and filtered through 250 and 500 mesh sieves. The suspensions containing J2 were exposed to two types of extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) at different concentrations, and a negative control was performed with distilled water. The mortality of the juveniles was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure, and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The aqueous extracts caused higher mortality of M. incognita J2, with the flower extract causing up to 98% mortality in all concentrations evaluated and showing no significant difference. The aqueous leaf extract, on the other hand, showed dose-dependent mortality, with values varying according to the dose tested. For the hydroalcoholic extracts, mortality was observed in the extracts obtained from flowers and leaves, with values ranging from 46 to 59% mortality. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of volatile chemical constituents present in B. suaveolens extracts confirmed significant differences between the extracts, both in terms of the extraction method and the part of the plant used.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Avaliação do extrato hidroalcoólico de Punica granatum Linn. sobre bactérias de interesse à mastite bovina(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-08-07) Moreira, Giovanna Melatti Bermal; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Silva, Luciana Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-2094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8207280726883591; Silva, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5285324361162578; Patelli, Thais Helena Constantino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-6471; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6738089449088570; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749Bovine mastitis is characterized by inflammation of the mammary gland, usually due to bacterial infection, compromising quantity and quality of milk production. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of the pomegranate fruit on standard strains of interest the bovine mastitis. The colonies were resuspended and adjusted at a concentration of 107 ml-1 UV-visible spectrophotometry. The extracts were evaluated in five replications in seven concentrations: 1000 mg mL-1to 25 mg mL-1. Were used strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhi ATCC 19214, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23355 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018. Sensitivity of the strains were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion test and the results showed that the inhibition zones corresponding to values from 15 mm were considered sensitive. For phytochemical evaluation was determined levels of antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids. Thus, the extract was diluted in seven concentrations: 25 the 1000 mg L-1, and evaluated in triplicate. Bacterial growth was inhibited at concentrations of 100 mg mL-1 and the antioxidant activity was observed from 50 mg mL-1, with values corresponding to 4,62% to 64,90% plateau at a concentration of 500 mg mL-1. In the evaluation of radical scavenging activity, using the free radical DPPH, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity (IC50% = 378,80 μg L-1). However, it has not been possible to correlate the levels of antioxidant activity at levels of phenols and flavonoids. Perhaps the presence of other substances alkaloids and tannins present in the extracts may have been responsible for the antioxidant activity found. The extract was able to inhibit the growth at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg mL-1 except Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhi ATCC 19214, all strains had the same results in both the disk diffusion test as in CIM. That way the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of EHPG 10% may represent important therapeutic potential, particularly for animal health in organic and agroecological production systems, where the use of chemical antibiotics is vetoed. It is concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum Linn. has antimicrobial activity, demonstrating potential benefit for the control of bovine mastitis.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Hidróxidos e carbonatos na dinâmica do pH do solo: efeitos na microbiota e no desenvolvimento da cultura da soja(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Silva, Matheus Hashimoto da; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Dário, Gustavo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; Alves, Karina Aline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881In agriculture, soil amendments play a crucial role in supplying nutrients, correcting pH, and promoting a range of vital benefits for healthy plant development. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of pH correction at different soil depths in soybean cultivation, considering the application of amendments composed of calcium and magnesium hydroxides and carbonates, in order to determine the most suitable parameters for the use of these elements. The treatments were organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, using plots of 2.7 m wide by 5 m long, totaling an area of 13.5 m² per plot. The trial included a total of 14 treatments, organized as follows: control (T1); applications of hydroxides and carbonates, in granular and powder form, at doses corresponding to 50, 100, and 150% of the recommended dose, all associated with the biological mixture (T2 to T13); and a treatment composed only of the biological mixture (T14). The biological mixture was composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aryabhattai, Trichoderma sp., Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Azospirillum brasiliense, which were mixed and applied to the soil 31 days after crop emergence. The following variables were considered for evaluation: pH correction in the 0-10, 0-20, and 20-40 cm soil depth layers; changes in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels; root system dry mass (RSM); shoot dry mass (SDM); number of pods per plant (NPP); thousand-grain weight (TGW); final crop yield (bags ha⁻¹); and monitoring of soil microbiological activities. The application of hydroxides resulted in a greater increase in soil pH in both evaluated depth layers compared to the application of carbonates. Forty-five days after the application of the amendments, it was observed that, in the 0–10 cm layer and at the highest dose used (1,428 kg ha⁻¹), the hydroxides raised the soil pH from 4.7 to 5.4, while carbonate, at the same dose, increased it to 4.9. The correction of the soil pH promoted a more favorable environment for the microbiota, increasing biological activity and nutrient availability. The improvement of the chemical and biological components of the soil resulted in greater root development and an increase in the number of pods per plant, culminating in increased soybean crop productivity.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Identificação molecular, caracterização bioquímica e prospecção de metabólitos secundários produzidos por Photorhabdus sp.(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021) Brito, Cássia de Fátima Pereira de; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Lescano, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Marques; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Ferreira, Dhiego Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4375-6556; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7326714947358202This study aimed to identify the symbiont bacteria of four isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes (NEPs) of the genus Heterorhabditis sp. (isolates UENP-n 04, 05, 06 and UEL 08), native to Northern Paraná, and to perform the molecular, biochemical and biological characterization of these bacteria, besides prospecting the production capacity of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial, fungicidal and insecticidal effects. The bacteria were isolated from the hemolymph of larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and molecular identification was done by amplification of part of the 16S rRNA gene. It was also characterized by biochemical tests for motility, Gram staining, lipase, protease, lecithinase and bioluminescence activity and evaluated the production of antimicrobial compounds against the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The pathogenicity on insects was evaluated on caterpillars of G. mellonella, Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the fungicidal effect on the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Furthermore, the production of secondary metabolites from extracts was prospected and evaluated for their insecticidal effect on G. mellonella (oral application and via hemolymph), antimicrobial effect on S. aureus, E. coli, and B. thuringiensis bacteria, and fungicidal effect on M. anisopliae and B. bassiana fungi. Three bacterial strains obtained were identified as belonging to the species Photorhabdus luminescens (P05, P06 and L08) and the other as Photorhabdus asymbiotica (P04). As for the biochemical tests, all strains were positive for motility, lipase and protease activity, and bromothymol blue uptake, but negative for lecithinase activity. When inoculated into the hemolymph of G. mellonella, S. frugiperda and A. gemmatalis larvae as suspension, the strains were highly virulent, causing mortality above 85% in all three caterpillar species. When evaluated at different concentrations, P04 proved to be more aggressive, killing over 95% of the infected caterpillars in all concentrations evaluated after 18 hours of inoculation. Regarding the antimicrobial effect, it was observed that the four bacterial strains showed positive activity inhibiting the growth of B. thuringiensis and S. aureus, but only P04 showed antimicrobial effect against E. coli. The effect of the aqueous extracts obtained from the bacterial cultures P04 showed positive results for fungicidal action on B. bassiana and M. anisopliae and the extract from the L08 strain showed antimicrobial effect on S. aureus bacteria, but showed no insecticidal effect on G. mellonella when inoculated in the hemolymph or when ingested.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Potencial poluidor de cemitério(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-29) Silva, Diego Contiero da; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Gimenez, Sonia Maria Nobre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3316258548510799; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Branco Jr., Armando Castello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-1649; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4312211430458846Cemeteries are potential sources of enviromental impacts, principally for the risk of contamination of groundwater and surface water by microorganisms proliferate during decomposition process of bodies and chemical substances released. Contamined water may be used by neighborhood population. Major contaminant from cemiteries is leachate. With the objective to evaluate pollution potential of municipal cemetery of Bandeirantes/PR in groundwater and soil, samples wells were drilled in cemetery area and in an external area 30 meters away. Soil samples were collected during the samples wells drilling in three differents depths and water for analysis. Water samples were evaluated in SAAE laboratory in Bandeirantes/PR, according to the water potability standarts from ordinance 2.914/2011 of Ministery of Health and soil samples were sent to the soil laboratory to quantify heavy metal levels. Water samples had microbiological parameters above potability standards and soil samples had copper, chrome and nickel values above the references standards in differents depths.