Ciências Agrárias

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade larvicida e caracterização fitoquímica do extrato hidroetanólico de Ruta graveolens L. contra Aedes aegypti
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Costa, Poliana Caruline Rosa da; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Bovolenta, Yves Rafael; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9684-1848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4601902582773437; Silva, José Renato da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-7768; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8034221689854743
The increase in diseases transmitted by mosquito vectors and the resistance associated with the continuous use of synthetic insecticides highlight the need for effective and environmentally safe alternatives. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the hydroethanolic extract of Ruta graveolens L. against Aedes aegypti larvae, as well as to chemically characterize the extract. The extract was obtained by maceration in a 70% hydroethanolic solution, followed by concentration and lyophilization. A. aegypti eggs were collected using ovitraps in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil, and the larvae were reared to the L3 and L4 stages. Larvicidal bioassays were performed in quadruplicate, with 40 larvae per treatment, using concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/mL, along with positive and negative controls. After 48 hours of exposure, mortality rates of 65% were observed at concentrations of 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL, whereas the concentration of 1 mg/mL resulted in 100% mortality, a result equivalent to the commercial larvicide used as positive control. Phytochemical analysis revealed high levels of total phenolics (58.76 ± 1.70 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoids (41.55 ± 1.30 mg QE/g). LC-MS/MS analysis confirmed the presence of rutin in the extract, while quercetin was not detected. These results demonstrate the strong larvicidal potential of the hydroethanolic extract of R. graveolens, particularly at the concentration of 1 mg/mL, indicating its viability as an alternative for A. aegypti control and supporting further studies to determine lethal doses and assess toxicological safety.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade nematicida de extratos de Brugmansia suaveolens sobre Meloidogyne incognita
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Venâncio, Stéphany de Campos; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585
Meloidogyne incognita stands out as one of the most aggressive and widely distributed species in tropical regions, causing severe damage to plant root systems. The need for alternatives to synthetic nematicides drives research into plant-based compounds with biological potential and lower environmental impact. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, using J2 obtained from infected tomato roots, processed with sodium hypochlorite solution and filtered through 250 and 500 mesh sieves. The suspensions containing J2 were exposed to two types of extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) at different concentrations, and a negative control was performed with distilled water. The mortality of the juveniles was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure, and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The aqueous extracts caused higher mortality of M. incognita J2, with the flower extract causing up to 98% mortality in all concentrations evaluated and showing no significant difference. The aqueous leaf extract, on the other hand, showed dose-dependent mortality, with values varying according to the dose tested. For the hydroalcoholic extracts, mortality was observed in the extracts obtained from flowers and leaves, with values ranging from 46 to 59% mortality. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of volatile chemical constituents present in B. suaveolens extracts confirmed significant differences between the extracts, both in terms of the extraction method and the part of the plant used.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biocontrole de fitopatógenos: uma perspectiva integrada de produção científica e estudos experimentais
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Martins, Livian Soares; Marques, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Lescano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Marques, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Lescano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Sichieri, Rafaella Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7030413218339310; Reis, Guilherme Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5675852978278805
The biological control has been widely studied as a sustainable strategy for the management of plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Talaromyces stollii as a biocontrol agent of the soil phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina and to analyze the evolution of scientific production on the molecular biology of biological control of plant diseases through a scientometric study. For the laboratory assays, T. stollii strain BCA1.1 was cultivated in dual culture on PDA with S. sclerotiorum and M. phaseolina. The action of volatile compounds and metabolites present in the supernatant obtained from the antagonist fungus culture on the growth of the phytopathogens was evaluated. For the scientometric analysis of publications on molecular mechanisms of antagonism between biocontrol agents and phytopathogens, data were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases between 1990 and 2024, analyzing indicators of scientific production growth, main thematic areas, authors, institutions, collaboration networks, and research trends. The experimental results showed that T. stollii inhibited both phytopathogens only in direct confrontation in dual culture. Macroscopic analysis of the plate revealed that the invasion of S. sclerotiorum initially occurred beneath and then above the mycelium, while in M. phaseolina the antagonist established itself over the mycelium through sporulation. Observations by optical light microscopy, using the adhesive tape method, allowed visualization of the typical hyphal coiling of mycoparasitism and the sporulation of the antagonist over the mycelium. Volatile compounds and non-volatile metabolites of T. stollii did not inhibit fungal growth. The results suggest that inhibition depends on direct contact, indicating that T. stollii may have potential in integrated management and in reducing chemical pesticides. The scientometric analysis showed that studies on molecular mechanisms of biocontrol began in 1990 and grew significantly from 2007 onwards, with an average annual rate of 9.99%. There was a shift from the study of classical agents, such as Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, to modern approaches involving genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, enzyme production, secondary metabolites, and complex ecological interactions. Biological control has evolved from traditional practices to a science guided by “omics,” highlighting genomic prospecting and rational formulation of biological agents. China, Brazil, and India stand out, with international collaboration networks and greater participation of the global south. Future perspectives include multifunctional agents, genetic engineering, optimization of antifungal metabolites, and integration with sustainable management. The integration between laboratory results and scientometric analysis reinforces the potential of T. stollii and indicates that advances in biotechnology and molecular biology may expand its practical application in the control of agricultural diseases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Capacidade de tamponamento de fósforo em solos do Estado do Paraná
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Inoue, Marcos Yassuhiro; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Tiecher, Tales; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-2849; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7665378790484936; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8008-620X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828; Müller, Marcelo Marques Lopes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-2398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3504404305495448; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153
Phosphorus (P) partial saturation of sorption sites through corrective phosphate fertilization represents a key strategy for improving nutrient use efficiency in tropical and subtropical soils. The State of Paraná does not yet have a formalized and explicit method for recommending corrective fertilization. In this context, the objective of this study was to quantify the phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) of soils from Paraná, adopting it as a baseline parameter for the recommendation of corrective P rates, as well as to develop predictive models based on clay content and/or remaining phosphorus (Prem). The experiment was conducted at the Soil Laboratory of the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP/CLM). Twenty-six soil samples were collected across the State of Paraná at a depth of 0–20 cm. When necessary, pH correction was performed through incubation with hydrated lime, targeting a pH of 5.5 in CaCl₂. The samples were characterized and incubated for 20 days with 12 different P rates, determined based on the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (MPAC), in three replicates. Triple superphosphate was used as the phosphorus source. At the end of the incubation period, soil P contents were determined by Mehlich-1 extraction and quantified using the colorimetric method. Mathematical models were fitted using segmented regression. Phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) was then determined as the inverse of the slope coefficients of the fitted linear segments. The amounts required to increase soil P concentration by 1 mg dm⁻³ ranged from 2.557 to 58.824 kg P ha⁻¹. Exploratory data analysis enabled the grouping of estimated PBC values into classes according to clay content, organized into a practical interpretation and recommendation table. Mean values ranged from 3.94 kg P ha⁻¹ in soils with less than 250 g kg⁻¹ of clay to 25.89 kg P ha⁻¹ in soils with more than 400 g kg⁻¹ of clay. Considering soils with initial P availability classified as "very low," the required doses to reach sufficiency levels ranged approximately from 135 to 450 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹, depending on clay content, indicating that current recommendations may underestimate P requirements in highly clayey soils. Additionally, predictive models were developed using clay content and Prem as single predictors, as well as a multiple regression model incorporating both variables. The inclusion of Prem improved the explanatory power of the model. PBC increased significantly with increasing clay content. The PBC estimation table proved consistent for practical recommendation purposes, although the predictive models showed greater sensitivity in soils with clay contents between 400 and 550 g kg⁻¹. For the State of Paraná, where no formally established method for corrective phosphate fertilization currently exists, phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) shows potential as a technical tool to support the definition of corrective P application rates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consórcio de cana-de-açúcar com Crotalaria spectabilis, em ciclo de cana planta após soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Silva, Luís Guilherme Pereira da; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-2158; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Lima, Claudinei Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8352085023073169; Dário, Gustavo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088
Weed management in sugarcane is primarily based on pre-emergence herbicides; however, its effectiveness is constrained by multiple factors, such as climate and soil conditions, thereby requiring integrated management strategies. The use of Crotalaria spectabilis as a cover crop is promising; yet, its association with reduced herbicide doses lacks validation regarding selectivity and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the integrated management of Crotalaria spectabilis and reduced herbicide doses during the plant cane cycle, testing weed suppression, legume selectivity to herbicides, and the impact on sugarcane yield. Using a randomized complete block design, the following treatments were evaluated in five replications: T1) C. spectabilis (Crot); T2) reduced herbicide dose (HPEm: 752 g a.i. ha⁻¹ clomazone + 175 g a.i. ha⁻¹ sulfentrazone); T3) full label herbicide dose (HPEM); T4) C. spectabilis associated with the reduced herbicide dose (Crot+HPEm); and T5) control. We assessed cover crop biomass and nutrient accumulation, weed phytosociology, and sugarcane yield. The Crot+HPEm treatment increased C. spectabilis biomass by 57% and enhanced nutrient cycling, suggesting a biostimulation effect. All treatments maintained very low overall weed infestation levels, but the herbicide-only treatments provided complete weed control. The Crot+HPEm intercrop showed lower weed suppression compared to C. spectabilis alone, allowing the selective emergence of Senna obtusifolia. Sugarcane yield ranged from 101.8 to 114.2 t ha⁻¹, and industrial quality parameters did not differ among treatments. Our results confirm that the intercrop effectively suppresses weeds, the reduced herbicide dose is selective and stimulates cover crop growth, and sugarcane yield is not affected by the intercrop. We conclude that Crotalaria spectabilis associated with a reduced herbicide dose contributes to sustainable integrated weed management in sugarcane, demonstrating agronomic viability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da aplicação de microrganismo eficiente sobre crescimento, produção e qualidade de frutos de Solanum Lycopersicum L.
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Silva, Leandro de Oliveira; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Pinto, Fabiana Gisele da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0486-8486; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9361463429150328; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449
Contemporary agriculture faces increasing challenges related to sustainability, food security, and mitigation of environmental impacts. In this context, the tomato plant (Solanum lycopersicum L.), a vegetable crop of great economic and social relevance, serves as an ideal model for studies on plant-microorganism interactions. The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of applying effective microorganisms (EMs), particularly in the form of liquid bokashi/Tomita Microorganisms Technology (TMT), on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of tomato plants, also considering their interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The first article presents a systematic review, conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, which identified 2,450 records and included 31 studies. These studies demonstrate the benefits of the co-inoculation of AMF and EMs, such as increased phosphorus uptake, enhanced biomass accumulation, tolerance to abiotic stresses, suppression of pathogens, and improvements in fruit quality. The second article describes an experiment conducted under controlled conditions, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments, in addition to a control, to evaluate different rates and application frequencies of the product associated with NPK 10-10-10 mineral fertilization. Treatments T1 (50 L ha⁻¹), T2 (100 L ha⁻¹), T3 (200 L ha⁻¹), and T7 (400 L ha⁻¹) received a single application, while treatments T4 (50 L ha⁻¹), T5 (100 L ha⁻¹), and T6 (200 L ha⁻¹) received two applications at the same rate. The control received no application of the product. The evaluated variables included vegetative growth parameters (plant height, leaf number, leaf area), fresh and dry biomass accumulation, yield (fruit number and weight), and quality parameters (soluble solids content, firmness, and color). The results demonstrated that split application of TMT promoted a significant increase in plant height (up to 22% compared to the control), leaf area (average increase of 18%), dry biomass accumulation (25% increase), and yield (20% increase in both fruit number and weight). In contrast, single application concentrated effects on vegetative growth, without significant gains in reproductive output. It is concluded that the use of effective microorganisms, associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis, represents a promising strategy to strengthen tomato cultivation in sustainable agricultural systems, reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers and pesticides while reconciling productivity, quality, and environmental conservation in line with the principles of regenerative agriculture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hidróxidos e carbonatos na dinâmica do pH do solo: efeitos na microbiota e no desenvolvimento da cultura da soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Silva, Matheus Hashimoto da; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Dário, Gustavo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; Alves, Karina Aline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881
In agriculture, soil amendments play a crucial role in supplying nutrients, correcting pH, and promoting a range of vital benefits for healthy plant development. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of pH correction at different soil depths in soybean cultivation, considering the application of amendments composed of calcium and magnesium hydroxides and carbonates, in order to determine the most suitable parameters for the use of these elements. The treatments were organized in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications, using plots of 2.7 m wide by 5 m long, totaling an area of 13.5 m² per plot. The trial included a total of 14 treatments, organized as follows: control (T1); applications of hydroxides and carbonates, in granular and powder form, at doses corresponding to 50, 100, and 150% of the recommended dose, all associated with the biological mixture (T2 to T13); and a treatment composed only of the biological mixture (T14). The biological mixture was composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aryabhattai, Trichoderma sp., Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and Azospirillum brasiliense, which were mixed and applied to the soil 31 days after crop emergence. The following variables were considered for evaluation: pH correction in the 0-10, 0-20, and 20-40 cm soil depth layers; changes in calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus levels; root system dry mass (RSM); shoot dry mass (SDM); number of pods per plant (NPP); thousand-grain weight (TGW); final crop yield (bags ha⁻¹); and monitoring of soil microbiological activities. The application of hydroxides resulted in a greater increase in soil pH in both evaluated depth layers compared to the application of carbonates. Forty-five days after the application of the amendments, it was observed that, in the 0–10 cm layer and at the highest dose used (1,428 kg ha⁻¹), the hydroxides raised the soil pH from 4.7 to 5.4, while carbonate, at the same dose, increased it to 4.9. The correction of the soil pH promoted a more favorable environment for the microbiota, increasing biological activity and nutrient availability. The improvement of the chemical and biological components of the soil resulted in greater root development and an increase in the number of pods per plant, culminating in increased soybean crop productivity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência do condicionador de solos nos atributos químicos, microbiológico e produtividade do milho segunda safra
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Costa, Eduardo Almeida da; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Osipe, Jethro Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3090; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449
Soil conditioners play a fundamental role in modern agriculture, as they contribute to improved plant development and promote enhancements in soil microbiota, favoring a more balanced and active rhizosphere. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of peat- and humic acid-based soil conditioners on soil microbiology and chemistry, as well as on the phytochemical parameters of corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were as follows: T1 – Control; T2 – Methylobacterium symbioticum; T3 – 100 kg ha⁻¹ of granulated conditioner + M. symbioticum; T4 – 200 kg ha⁻¹ of granulated conditioner + M. symbioticum; T5 – 300 kg ha⁻¹ of granulated conditioner + M. symbioticum; T6 – 100 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + M. symbioticum; T7 – 200 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + M. symbioticum; T8 – 300 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + M. symbioticum; T9 – 100 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner enriched with Trichoderma asperellum + M. symbioticum; T10 – 200 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner enriched with T. asperellum + M. symbioticum; and T11 – 300 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner enriched with T. asperellum + M. symbioticum. In the control treatment, 300 kg ha⁻¹ of urea was applied, while in the treatments containing M. symbioticum, there was a 30% reduction in the urea dose. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), microbiological attributes, soil chemical analysis, thousand-grain weight (TGW), and final yield (kg ha⁻¹). It was observed that treatment T11, with 300 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + Methylobacterium symbioticum, showed an increase of 1,190.4 kg ha⁻¹ compared to the control. Furthermore, all treatments with soil conditioners promoted improvements in soil microbiological attributes. Therefore, it can be concluded that soil conditioners play an important role, and the best treatment among those evaluated was the one containing powdered soil conditioner enriched with Trichoderma asperellum + Methylobacterium symbioticum.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudança de pH em caldas à base de glyphosate no controle de plantas daninhas
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Ferreira, Emilene Aparecida dos Santos; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Ferreira, Silvio Douglas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8989-4498; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0270087159948589; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Precipito, Lais Maria Bonadio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5942464936055299
Herbicide use has become essential in agricultural management, with glyphosate standing out as one of the most widely used active ingredients for the effective control of several weed species. Its mode of action is based on the inhibition of essential amino acid synthesis, thereby preventing plant growth. A key factor determining the efficacy of this herbicide is the pH of the spray solution. The level of acidity or alkalinity may affect both the stability of the active ingredient and its absorption by plants. Specifically, under acidic pH conditions, glyphosate molecules tend to remain in their non-dissociated form, which facilitates cuticular penetration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH variation on the efficacy of different commercial glyphosate formulations. For this purpose, seven formulations were tested at three pH levels: the original pH of each product, pH 3.0, and pH 9.0. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of the solutions were performed to better understand the behavior of the formulations under different conditions. Applications were carried out on Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), followed by visual assessments of control percentage. The Crucial® spray solution at pH 3.0 showed the best performance, achieving approximately 95% control at 28 days after application, demonstrating that herbicide efficacy depends on the interaction between formulation type, salt constituent, and spray solution pH.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Parâmetros biológicos de Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e potencial de nematoides entomopatogênicos para manejo na soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Tominaga, Bruna Kanno; Alves , Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Silva, Marco Aurélio Tramontin da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153
Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of great economic importance that affects several crops, making the adoption of control measures essential once it is detected in the field. Knowledge of its life cycle, colony optimization, and the identification of efficient natural enemies are fundamental steps for the development of management programs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the biology of S. cosmioides under different diets and to improve evaluations of the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in its management under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the biology of S. cosmioides fed on an artificial diet and soybean leaves. In addition, the survival of S. cosmioides after EPN inoculation in pupae, the foliar consumption of larvae over time after EPN inoculation, and the survival of EPNs applied to the aerial parts of soybean plants under greenhouse conditions were assessed. Differences in the life cycle duration of S. cosmioides were observed depending on the diet, both in early instars and in the pupal and adult stages. The artificial diet resulted in a shorter life cycle and higher female fecundity. In the nematode assays, EPN inoculation reduced foliar consumption of S. cosmioides by more than 65% after 24 hours. After foliar application on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions, both isolates showed 100% infectivity, causing mortality in Galleria mellonella. However, there was a rapid decline in efficacy over time, with reduced mortality after 12 hours and no effect after 36 hours, indicating loss of viability of infective juveniles (IJs). In the soil, however, survival was higher, with an average infectivity of 54.7% and stability of the UEL08 isolate over 72 hours. The effectiveness against pupae was low (0–4%), with no differences among treatments. It is concluded that the Greene diet is a viable alternative for maintaining S. cosmioides colonies, and that EPNs have potential for use in its control, as they significantly reduced foliar consumption of infected larvae. On the other hand, foliar application without adjuvants is not viable, since a rapid loss of IJ viability and infectivity was observed, indicating the need for further studies to develop strategies to enhance IJ survival over longer periods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Potencial forrageiro da Moringa oleifera Lam para ensilagem em diferentes adubações e alturas da planta no momento do corte
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Mantovani, Tiago Marques; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Bumbieris Júnior, Valter Harry; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-4887; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0261912196782921; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749
This study evaluated the forage potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. for silage, analyzing the effects of different nitrogen fertilization sources and plant cutting heights on productivity and bromatological composition. A randomized complete block design was used, with four fertilization treatments (Control, horn and hoof meal – 100 kg N/ha, Urea 100 – 100 kg N/ha, and Urea 200 – 200 kg N/ha), three cutting heights (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 m), and three replications, totaling 36 experimental plots. The evaluated variables included diameter at breast height (DBH), green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), and bromatological composition (dry matter – DM, crude protein – CP, neutral detergent fiber – NDF, ash, and total digestible nutrients – TDN). Cutting height directly influenced structural development and productivity. DBH increased linearly, with the control treatment ranging from 6.8 cm at 2.0 m to 19.2 cm at 4.0 m. Urea 100 promoted greater initial diameter (11.4 cm at 2.0 m), whereas at 4.0 m all treatments exceeded 19.0 cm. Increasing cutting height substantially enhanced biomass production, with GMY rising from 39.7 to 122.2 ton/ha under 200 kg N/ha, and DMY reaching 29.1 ton/ha with horn and hoof meal at 4.0 m. Dry matter content ranged from 19.0% to 25.3%, indicating the need for moisture adjustment for direct ensiling. Nutritional quality decreased with increasing cutting height, with crude protein exceeding 12.0% at 2.0 m and declining to approximately 5.0% at 4.0 m. NDF (60.0–62.8%) and TDN (51.2–55.6%) remained relatively stable. Nitrogen fertilization did not significantly affect chemical composition or productivity within each cutting height. In conclusion, cutting height is the main factor determining forage management in Moringa oleifera, with lower cuts favoring protein content and higher cuts maximizing biomass production, requiring moisture correction and protein supplementation strategies for silage use.
Somente Metadadados
Quintais produtivos e segurança alimentar: práticas agroecológicas no Norte Pioneiro do Paraná
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Wesgueber, Nataly de Oliveira; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Diego Contiero da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-034X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6613984286184275; Franco, Danilo Miralha; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-8429; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1216021913375180; Hata, Fernando Teruhiko; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-743X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9498242631830029; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6613984286184275; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1216021913375180; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9498242631830029; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-034X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-8429; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-743X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115
Family farming, which is predominant in the state of Paraná, accounts for approximately 90% of rural establishments. A significant portion of these properties are smaller than one fiscal module, limiting their economic viability and compromising both food security and household income. In this context, productive home gardens emerge as a sustainable, low-cost, and highly diverse agroecological alternative. These spaces contribute directly to the production of healthy food, the preservation of traditional knowledge, and the generation of complementary income. This study aimed to characterize productive home gardens in the Northern Pioneer region of Paraná, analyzing their impact on food and nutritional security, eating habits, and the autonomy of the families involved. The research employed semi-structured questionnaires applied to family farmers who maintain productive home gardens, collecting socioeconomic data, diversity of cultivated species, management practices, and the frequency of consumption of fresh and ultra-processed foods. The results showed that most gardens are managed by women and rely on sustainable practices such as organic fertilization, biological pest control, and agroecological preparations. A wide variety of vegetables, fruits, medicinal and culinary plants was observed, promoting balanced diets. Despite the increasing presence of ultra-processed foods, those grown in home gardens still dominate the families' diets, highlighting their role as tools of nutritional and cultural resistance. In addition to promoting food sovereignty, these gardens contribute to biodiversity conservation, reduced dependency on external inputs, and improved quality of rural life. A biodiversity-rich, regionally adapted, and easily replicable garden model was developed, reinforcing its potential as a strategy for sustainable rural development and food security.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Terbutilazina na entressafra: período de segurança pré-semeadura e seletividade para soja em solos de textura contrastantes
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Osipi, Carlos Botelho Pereira; Osipe, Jethro Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3090; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Osipe, Jethro Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3090; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Gustavo, Dário; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; Dias, Roque de Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5433-5373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5490315867189084
Chemical weed control during the off-season allows interventions when weeds are still at earlier growth stages and broadens the range of available herbicide modes of action, which supports herbicide rotation. However, this practice also raises concerns about residual activity on the succeeding crop and the potential risk of crop injury. Terbuthylazine has emerged as a potential alternative to atrazine. Understanding its behavior in soils with contrasting textures, as well as its potential to injure currently used soybean cultivars, is essential for establishing safe recommendations. This study aimed to: (i) determine the minimum interval required between terbuthylazine application and soybean sowing in sandy- and clay-textured soils; and (ii) identify differences in soybean cultivar sensitivity to terbuthylazine. To address objective (i), two field experiments were conducted in Assis, São Paulo State, Brazil (sandy Oxisol, 15% clay) and Bandeirantes, Paraná State, Brazil (clayey Rhodic Eutrudox, 60% clay), using terbuthylazine rates of 0.6 and 0.8 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ applied at 48, 36, 24, 12, and 0 days before soybean sowing (cultivar NK 6630). For objective (ii), the sensitivity of five soybean cultivars was evaluated under greenhouse conditions based on crop injury, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), fresh mass, and dry mass. In the sandy soil, the minimum safe interval was 32 days for both herbicide rates. In the clayey soil, no effect on yield was observed, regardless of rate or application timing. Genotypic variability in cultivar response was observed: NK 6630 was the most sensitive material, showing greater crop injury and lower SPAD values, whereas Monsoy 6601 was the most tolerant, with lower levels of crop injury.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Variabilidade da cobertura com diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização na cultura do milho
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Silvério, Marcio Aparecido; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Antuniassi, Ulisses Rocha; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-8664; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827
The quality of the application is directly related to the choice of the spray nozzle model and the leaf angle presented by the crop. Given the scarce literature on the subject, this study aimed to evaluate different spray nozzle models in terms of application coverage on corn leaves with vertical and horizontal angles in the plant. The experiments were conducted in both field and laboratory settings. Twelve spray nozzle models with different spray projection angles were analyzed: flat fan, pre-orifice flat fan, air-induction flat fan, deflector flat fan, dual flat fan, inclined-angle flat fan, and hollow and full cone nozzles. The application rate was standardized at 100 L ha−1, controlled by pressure, flow rate, and boom travel speed. The spray solution used in the applications was composed of a fluorescent orange tracer at a concentration of 2.5 g L−1. The field experiment followed a randomized block design with four replications, six plants per repetition, and three distinct crop stages (V5/V6, V7, and VT). In the laboratory experiment, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and two artificial plants. After application, the leaves were detached, sectioned, and images were captured in a dark environment under ultraviolet light. The images were then automatically processed to quantify spray droplet coverage. Coverage was analyzed in the upper, middle, and lower regions of the corn plant and the artificial plant, as well as in the adaxial, abaxial, basal, middle, and apical regions of the corn leaves. The results were interpreted using a dendrogram, applying dissimilarity analysis techniques based on the Euclidean distance method and complete hierarchical clustering, considering the spray nozzle models and the coverage analysis locations. Experiments with targets or leaves positioned vertically showed greater variability among groups, resulting in less similarity between nozzles and the evaluated plant and leaf regions. In contrast, experiments with horizontal targets allowed for a better definition of the relationships between nozzles and coverage in different plant regions, indicating similar performance in specific regions such as the lower and middle sections. Coverage was well-defined in regions of lower variability (basal > middle > apical) and (adaxial > abaxial) compared to those with greater variability (whorl, upper, middle, and lower). Additionally, differences exist among nozzles within the same flat-fan and cone- jet classes, highlighting distinctions in nozzle models based on spray angle design, pressure, and droplet classification.

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