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Navegando Dissertações por Assunto "Acamamento de plantas"

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    Características agronômicas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo cultivado com doses de nitrogênio e de trinexapac-ethyl
    (Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2020-12-11) Faria, Lucas Pinto de; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8067599760812752; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8067599760812752; Bazzo, José Henrique Bizzarri; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-1611; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8466395433568127; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100
    Wheat is used as a feedstock in several industrial products, being indispensable in the agro-industrial complex, whether in human or animal food. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for wheat crop, as it increases grain yield and flour quality; however, it can increase the lodging of the crop. Trinexapac-ethyl is a hormonal product that reduces plant growth, and it is widely used to reduce the lodging of wheat crops. In this context, trinexapac-ethyl and N can be managed together, decreasing the possibility of crop lodging and increasing grain yield. In addition, environmental conditions and genetic materials are factors that strongly influence the response of plants to rates of N and trinexapac-ethyl. Finally, little information is available on the influence of N fertilization and plant-growth reducer on the physiological quality of seeds produced by wheat crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of rates of N and trinexapac-ethyl on plant agronomic characteristics and on physiological quality of wheat seeds. The experiment was carried out in two edaphoclimatic environments, Londrina and Ponta Grossa, in a randomized block design, with a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, being two wheat genotypes (WT 15008 and WT 15025), three rates of N (0, 40, and 120 kg ha⁻¹) and three rates of the plant-growth reducer (0, 200, and 400 mL ha⁻¹ of the commercial product Moddus®). Agronomic characteristics related to wheat productivity (hectoliter weight, thousand grain weight, population density of fertile plants, plant height and lodging, and grain yield) and physiological quality of seeds (germination and vigor of seeds — by the cold and accelerated aging tests; length and dry matter of seedlings) were evaluated. The fertilization with the higher N rate caused negative effects on wheat crop, such as greater plant lodging in Londrina and reduced vigor of the produced seeds. The spraying of trinexapac-ethyl on wheat crop harmed the physiological quality of the seeds produced, reducing the length and dry matter of seedlings related to Londrina and Ponta Grossa. There was a wide diversity of interactions among the studied factors, which directly influenced the efficiencies of trinexapac-ethyl and N fertilization on the wheat crop. The genetic factor associated with the environmental conditions are the main determinants of the agronomic characteristics of the wheat plants, and of the physiological characteristics of the produced seeds, standing out from the effects of N fertilization and trinexapac-ethyl application.