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- ItemEfeito da pressão do circuito de pulverização na taxa de sobrevivência dos agentes biológicos(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Oliveira, João Paulo de; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Matsumoto , Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Dário, Gustavo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Lopes, Valdir; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7858; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0481390085872915The success of biological control and agricultural inoculation depends on maintaining the viability of microorganisms during the application technology process. This study aimed to evaluate the survival of Bacillus pumilus, Azospirillum brasilense, and Isaria fumosorosea subjected to different pressure levels (300 to 700 kPa) and recirculation times (0 to 40 min) within a spraying circuit. Viability was quantified through plate counting (CFU mL⁻¹) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The results demonstrated that cellular morphology is the determining factor in resilience to hydrodynamic stress. B. pumilus showed high stability across all treatments, attributed to the mechanical protection of its endospores. In contrast, A. brasilense (Gram-negative) exhibited high sensitivity, with drastic population declines (R2=0.93) as pressure and time increased, reaching non-detection via qPCR under 700 kPa. The fungus I. fumosorosea showed intermediate resistance, remaining stable up to 500 kPa but becoming vulnerable to the immediate impact of higher pressures (R2=0.76). It is concluded that extreme pressures cause structural damage and DNA fragmentation in vegetative cells and conidia. It is recommended to calibrate the working pressure according to the biological nature of the input, prioritizing low pressures and shorter recirculation times for non-spore-forming agents.
- ItemUso de Azospirillum brasilense ABV5 e ABV6 e Pseudomonas fluorescens no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Edouard, Lovely Santia; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Dário, Karina Aline Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881Sustainable agriculture is essential to address challenges related to food security and environmental protection. The use of bioinputs such as Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens emerges as a promising alternative to chemical inputs to improve soil fertility and sugarcane crop productivity, while reducing environmental impacts. These microorganisms, often called PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), act through several mechanisms, such as atmospheric nitrogen fixation, nutrient solubilization, and the production of phytohormones that favor root development and increase plant resistance to abiotic stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioinput based on Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens produced in bioreactors in isolated and combined mixtures, in the development of sugarcane. The actions of bioinputs on the germination of soybean and corn seeds and their biocontrol action against phytopathogenic fungi were evaluated. The influence of bioinputs on the soil microbial community and the agronomic parameters of sugarcane were also evaluated. The trial was conducted in a Plant Growth Chamber with controlled temperature, photoperiod and humidity. The use of Azospirillum and Pseudomonas alone did not interfere with germination; however, their combined use had a negative influence on the germination of corn and soybeans. The strains evaluated did not evaluate biocontrol activity. From a microbiological point of view, the study revealed that the application of bioinputs significantly increased the microbial biomass and biological activity of the soil, confirming their role in the regeneration of the soil microbial structure, a key factor in maintaining the fertility and sustainability of agricultural lands. The improvement in microbiological attributes influenced the agronomic parameters, demonstrating greater plant height, greater fresh and dry mass of the aerial part and root. Thus, we can conclude that the bioinputs based on Azospirillum brasilense Abv5 and Abv6 and Pseudomonas fluorescens, collected separately or together, had a positive impact on soil quality, improving both its structure and its capacity to retain essential nutrients for crops.
- ItemVariabilidade da cobertura com diferentes modelos de pontas de pulverização na cultura do milho(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Silvério, Marcio Aparecido; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Antuniassi, Ulisses Rocha; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-8664; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9754851029548502; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827The quality of the application is directly related to the choice of the spray nozzle model and the leaf angle presented by the crop. Given the scarce literature on the subject, this study aimed to evaluate different spray nozzle models in terms of application coverage on corn leaves with vertical and horizontal angles in the plant. The experiments were conducted in both field and laboratory settings. Twelve spray nozzle models with different spray projection angles were analyzed: flat fan, pre-orifice flat fan, air-induction flat fan, deflector flat fan, dual flat fan, inclined-angle flat fan, and hollow and full cone nozzles. The application rate was standardized at 100 L ha−1, controlled by pressure, flow rate, and boom travel speed. The spray solution used in the applications was composed of a fluorescent orange tracer at a concentration of 2.5 g L−1. The field experiment followed a randomized block design with four replications, six plants per repetition, and three distinct crop stages (V5/V6, V7, and VT). In the laboratory experiment, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and two artificial plants. After application, the leaves were detached, sectioned, and images were captured in a dark environment under ultraviolet light. The images were then automatically processed to quantify spray droplet coverage. Coverage was analyzed in the upper, middle, and lower regions of the corn plant and the artificial plant, as well as in the adaxial, abaxial, basal, middle, and apical regions of the corn leaves. The results were interpreted using a dendrogram, applying dissimilarity analysis techniques based on the Euclidean distance method and complete hierarchical clustering, considering the spray nozzle models and the coverage analysis locations. Experiments with targets or leaves positioned vertically showed greater variability among groups, resulting in less similarity between nozzles and the evaluated plant and leaf regions. In contrast, experiments with horizontal targets allowed for a better definition of the relationships between nozzles and coverage in different plant regions, indicating similar performance in specific regions such as the lower and middle sections. Coverage was well-defined in regions of lower variability (basal > middle > apical) and (adaxial > abaxial) compared to those with greater variability (whorl, upper, middle, and lower). Additionally, differences exist among nozzles within the same flat-fan and cone- jet classes, highlighting distinctions in nozzle models based on spray angle design, pressure, and droplet classification.
- ItemMetodologia para determinação de deriva em diferentes alturas de barra e velocidades do vento com pontas de pulverização de jato cônico(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Motta, Ana Beatriz de Oliveira; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Lopes, Valdir; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7858; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0481390085872915; Alves, Guilherme Sousa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-0293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7138496193657632; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-7470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8328839002732737; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0481390085872915; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8328839002732737; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7858; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-7470The uniformity and quality of the spray depends on the stability of the spray boom height. The height of the sprayer boom, together with variations in weather conditions, causes displacements in the spray jet, by changing the opening angle or projection of the spray jet and the volumetric distribution, which leads to variations in the deposition of droplets on the target. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to quantify the volume displaced in the projection of the conical jet at different spray boom heights and weather conditions. To this end, a pyramidal structure was developed as an experimental base, which was made based on theoretical calculations of the diameter of the projection of the conical spray jet from the tip, corresponding to each working height, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, 1.00 m, 1.25 m and 1.50 m. The pyramidal structure was built with the aim of quantifying the volume displaced in the projection of the conical spray jet. The pyramidal structure is made of sheet metal and divided into 6 modules, with an outlet hole, and each module has the length of the opening in relation to the angle of the spray jet projection, being centered below the spray bar to collect the sprayed volume. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 20 replications applied by JCI 80 01 spray tips, with a pressure of 500 kPa, and six spray bar heights. During the tests, weather conditions such as wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity were recorded. The displaced volume was positively correlated with boom height (r > 0.71), wind speed (r≥0.98), air temperature (r ≥ 0.94) and negatively correlated with relative humidity (r <- 0.94). The displaced volume of the jet is influenced by the height of the spray boom. Lower boom heights had lower losses and higher boom heights indicated a loss in displacement, with averages of 80%, reaching up to 98.49% at 1.50 m boom height. The pyramidal structure proved to be a methodology that makes it possible to evaluate the displacement of the spray jet projection in a complex field environment. It has a simple structure, low cost, is easy to use and reduces experimental time. The factors that most influenced jet displacement were wind speed and spray boom height, mainly 0.50m.
- ItemMoringa oleifera como alternativa forrageira: cultivo sob diferentes adubações e inclusão em silagens(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Silva, Pedro Henrique da; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Maeda, Emilyn Midori; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999; Mexia, Alexandre Agostinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582022951027835; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582022951027835; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530This study evaluated the potential of Moringa oleifera as a forage and nutritional alternative in two complementary experiments conducted at UENP/CLM (Bandeirantes–PR, Brazil). In Chapter I, the effect of two types of nitrogen fertilization (bovine horn and hoof powder, and urea) and three cutting heights (1.96 m, 3.00 m, and 3.40 m) on the productivity and bromatological composition of M. oleifera was investigated. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. Dry matter (DM) yield per hectare increased with cutting height, ranging from 7.2 t DM/ha (1.96 m) to 15.8 t DM/ha (3.40 m), with no significant differences between fertilizer types. The percentage of DM rose from 15.5–17.5% at 1.96 m to 22.2–24.4% at 3.40 m, with urea yielding the highest absolute values for DM (up to 20.3%) and crude protein (CP) (up to 17.9%). Lower cuts (1.96 m) resulted in higher leaf proportion, crude protein, and digestibility (TDN), while taller cuts led to greater stem proportion and fiber content (NDF), reducing nutritional quality. In Chapter II, the progressive inclusion of M. oleifera (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in silages of three forages—elephant grass (BRS Capiaçu), maize, and sugarcane—was evaluated. After 30–40 days of ensiling in PVC silos, pH, compaction, effluent losses, and bromatological composition (DM, CP, Ash, NDF, TDN) were analyzed. It is concluded that Moringa oleifera, managed with optimized cutting (around 3.0 m) and partially included (25–75%) in silages, represents a viable and sustainable strategy to enhance protein content, reduce fiber fractions, and improve the digestibility of forages, contributing to nutritional security and productivity in animal production systems.