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- ItemMetodologia para determinação de deriva em diferentes alturas de barra e velocidades do vento com pontas de pulverização de jato cônico(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Motta, Ana Beatriz de Oliveira; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Lopes, Valdir; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7858; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0481390085872915; Alves, Guilherme Sousa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-0293; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7138496193657632; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Costa, Neumárcio Vilanova da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-7470; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8328839002732737; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0481390085872915; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8328839002732737; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-7858; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2576-7470The uniformity and quality of the spray depends on the stability of the spray boom height. The height of the sprayer boom, together with variations in weather conditions, causes displacements in the spray jet, by changing the opening angle or projection of the spray jet and the volumetric distribution, which leads to variations in the deposition of droplets on the target. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology to quantify the volume displaced in the projection of the conical jet at different spray boom heights and weather conditions. To this end, a pyramidal structure was developed as an experimental base, which was made based on theoretical calculations of the diameter of the projection of the conical spray jet from the tip, corresponding to each working height, 0.25 m, 0.50 m, 0.75 m, 1.00 m, 1.25 m and 1.50 m. The pyramidal structure was built with the aim of quantifying the volume displaced in the projection of the conical spray jet. The pyramidal structure is made of sheet metal and divided into 6 modules, with an outlet hole, and each module has the length of the opening in relation to the angle of the spray jet projection, being centered below the spray bar to collect the sprayed volume. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with 20 replications applied by JCI 80 01 spray tips, with a pressure of 500 kPa, and six spray bar heights. During the tests, weather conditions such as wind speed and direction, temperature and relative humidity were recorded. The displaced volume was positively correlated with boom height (r > 0.71), wind speed (r≥0.98), air temperature (r ≥ 0.94) and negatively correlated with relative humidity (r <- 0.94). The displaced volume of the jet is influenced by the height of the spray boom. Lower boom heights had lower losses and higher boom heights indicated a loss in displacement, with averages of 80%, reaching up to 98.49% at 1.50 m boom height. The pyramidal structure proved to be a methodology that makes it possible to evaluate the displacement of the spray jet projection in a complex field environment. It has a simple structure, low cost, is easy to use and reduces experimental time. The factors that most influenced jet displacement were wind speed and spray boom height, mainly 0.50m.
- ItemMoringa oleifera como alternativa forrageira: cultivo sob diferentes adubações e inclusão em silagens(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Silva, Pedro Henrique da; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Maeda, Emilyn Midori; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999; Mexia, Alexandre Agostinho; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582022951027835; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7582022951027835; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530This study evaluated the potential of Moringa oleifera as a forage and nutritional alternative in two complementary experiments conducted at UENP/CLM (Bandeirantes–PR, Brazil). In Chapter I, the effect of two types of nitrogen fertilization (bovine horn and hoof powder, and urea) and three cutting heights (1.96 m, 3.00 m, and 3.40 m) on the productivity and bromatological composition of M. oleifera was investigated. A randomized block design with three replicates was used. Dry matter (DM) yield per hectare increased with cutting height, ranging from 7.2 t DM/ha (1.96 m) to 15.8 t DM/ha (3.40 m), with no significant differences between fertilizer types. The percentage of DM rose from 15.5–17.5% at 1.96 m to 22.2–24.4% at 3.40 m, with urea yielding the highest absolute values for DM (up to 20.3%) and crude protein (CP) (up to 17.9%). Lower cuts (1.96 m) resulted in higher leaf proportion, crude protein, and digestibility (TDN), while taller cuts led to greater stem proportion and fiber content (NDF), reducing nutritional quality. In Chapter II, the progressive inclusion of M. oleifera (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) in silages of three forages—elephant grass (BRS Capiaçu), maize, and sugarcane—was evaluated. After 30–40 days of ensiling in PVC silos, pH, compaction, effluent losses, and bromatological composition (DM, CP, Ash, NDF, TDN) were analyzed. It is concluded that Moringa oleifera, managed with optimized cutting (around 3.0 m) and partially included (25–75%) in silages, represents a viable and sustainable strategy to enhance protein content, reduce fiber fractions, and improve the digestibility of forages, contributing to nutritional security and productivity in animal production systems.
- ItemEficiência de uso de nitrogênio por genótipos de cana-de-açúcar em ciclo de cana-planta(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Dias Junior, Eduardo Siqueira; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; Franco, Henrique Coutinho; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; Dário, Gustavo; Dário, Karina Aline Alves; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; https://lattes.cnpq.br/7632245413046227; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8067599760812752; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6915234182529881; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1218-7533; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8916-0224Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient involved in fundamental physiological processes throughout the plant life cycle. Given its critical role, high-yield agricultural systems heavily depend on nitrogen fertilizers to ensure global food security. However, excessive N application is associated with significant environmental impacts, highlighting the need to improve nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.), a key crop for bioenergy production and economic sustainability, exhibits high nitrogen demand, necessitating the evaluation of NUE in this system.This study aimed to assess NUE and nitrogen response in first-year sugarcane (plant cane) genotypes under field conditions. The experiment was carried out in a commercial sandy soil area of the Jacarezinho Mill, located in Jacarezinho, Paraná, Brazil. Sixteen sugarcane genotypes were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Each plot consisted of four 17-meter-long rows spaced 1.5 m apart, subdivided into two nitrogen treatments: high N (180 kg ha−1) and low N (9 kg ha−1). Planting was performed on August 10, 2023, using stalk segments provided by the mill. Nitrogen status in leaf +1 was evaluated at 180 days after planting (DAP). At harvest (July, 2024), biometric and yield parameters were assessed, including compartmentalized and total dry matter, stalk yield (TCH), and sugar yield (TAH). Additionally, technological analyses—POL (%), fiber (%), total recoverable sugar (TR) (kg t−1), and juice purity (PZA %) were performed in the mill’s laboratory. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and responsiveness varied significantly among the 16 evaluated sugarcane genotypes. RB 127825 outstanding as the most nitrogen-efficient and responsive genotype, clustering with four others in the high-NUE quadrant. The other hand, CTC 9002 and IAC5094 were classified as inefficient and non-responsive, along with six additional genotypes. The remaining genotypes exhibited intermediate perfomed, distributed between inefficient-but-responsive and efficient-but-non-responsive groups. Genotypic differences in NUE were evident based on total dry matter (TDM) and stalk yield (TCH) indices. Clearilly, most variables showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between high-N (180 kg ha−1) and low-N (9 kg ha−1) treatments within the same genotype, underscoring the predominant influence of genetic factors over nitrogen supply in determining NUE. This finding highlights the importance of genotype selection for optimizing field-level nitrogen management. Leaf nitrogen accumulation at 180 DAP did not differ significantly between nitrogen treatments. Similarly, technological parameters (POL, fiber, TRS, PZA) were unaffected by nitrogen fertilization. However, CTC 9001 and CTC 9002 consistently outperformed other genotypes in technological quality across both N conditions, irrespective of their NUE classification.
- ItemPotencial antimicrobiano de Allium sativum em queijo frescal(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2019-02-28) Milo, Izabela da Silva; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Campos, Anna Carolina Leonoelli Pires de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-5732; Fagan, Éder Paulo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7115-5814; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1623219384012147; Marcusso, Paulo Fernandes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-4915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7590511974577384; Zacarias, Francielle Gibson da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-675X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1740021520322135No Brasil é comum o consumo de queijo frescal, e por ser um produto que sofre manipulação,está suscetível a contaminação por microrganismos patogênicos, destacando-seStaphylococcus aureus. Quando presente em quantidade acima de 106 UFC/g e sob condiçõesadequadas de temperatura, esse microrganismo pode produzir enterotoxinas causadoras deintoxicação alimentar, representando importante problema para saúde pública. Além de tratar-se de planta condimentar, o alho tem sido utilizado para fins medicinais, principalmente pelapresença de substâncias como alinase, alina e alicina. Assim, o presente trabalho objetivouavaliar o potencial antimicrobiano do Allium sativum, na forma de suspensão aquosa (SAa) ein natura (Ain), sobre S. aureus (ATCC 25923) em queijos frescais. A atividadeantibacteriana foi avaliada pela determinação da concentração inibitória mínima (MIC),utilizando o método de microdiluição. Dessa forma, foram avaliados os seguintes tratamentos:SAa em diferentes concentrações (0,58%, 1,11% e 2%), além dos tratamentos controlenegativo (queijo frescal) e testemunha (queijo frescal contaminado com S. aureus). Os queijosforam produzidos com leite pasteurizado, e posteriormente contaminados com 108 UFC/mLde cepa padrão de S. aureus (ATCC 25923). Adicionou-se SAa à massa dos queijos porincorporação, e para avaliação do Ain os bulbilhos foram descascados, pesados, cortados eadicionados à massa do queijo na proporção de 50 gramas por litro de leite. Os resultadosforam avaliados retirando-se 10 gramas de cada queijo, diluindo em 90mL de solução salina0,9%, com subsequentes diluições decimais seriadas até 10-4. Após inoculação por superfícieem placas com Agar Baird Parker, enriquecido com solução de gema de ovo e telurito depotássio, realizou-se incubação a 35°C por 48 horas, procedendo-se contagem das unidadesformadoras de colônia (UFC) por grama de queijo. As análises foram realizadas nos dias 1(um dia após fabricação dos queijos), e 5, 10 e 15 após. A MIC correspondeu à 1,25%. Osresultados demonstram que as três concentrações avaliadas foram capazes de diminuir acontagem de bactérias, porém na concentração de 0,58% houve crescimento de S. aureus emuma das produções de queijo. A concentração de 1,11% foi a que apresentou melhorresultado, diminuindo em média 8,48% a contagem de bactérias e para Ain a diminuiçãomédia foi de 6,23%. Portanto, o alho possui propriedades antimicrobianas contra S. aureus emqueijo frescal podendo ser utilizado não só como um diferencial de sabor do produto, mascomo um aditivo natural.
- ItemEfeito da xilanase isolada ou associada à levedura na dieta de leitões a base de sorgo sobre o desempenho e a microbiota intestinal(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2018-09-20) Oliveira, Hilário Ranulfo Vilela; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Caio Abércio da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9123-0343; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8966841350918859; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi determinar se a suplementação de Xilanase, combinada ounão com a leveduras vivas, em dietas à base de sorgo influenciaria o desempenho e aspopulações bacterianas intestinais de leitões. Cento e oitenta leitões híbridos, provenientes delinhagens comerciais com 23 dias de idade e peso médio inicial de 6.83±1.49kg, foramdistribuídos em três tratamentos: Dieta controle, Tratamento 1 (T1 = dieta controlesuplementada com xilanase [Econase® XT]) e Tratamento 2 (dieta T1 + levedura viva,[Vistacell®]). Cada tratamento teve dez repetições, com 6 animais cada. Duas fases dealimentação com dietas a base de sorgo e farelo de soja, e água foram disponíveis ad libitumdurante todo período experimental. O ganho de peso médio diário (GPD) e o consumo médiodiário de ração (CDR) foram medidos de 0 a 42 dias (23 a 65 dias de idade) e conversãoalimentar foi calculada (CA). No final do estudo, um animal por baia foi abatido, para coletade conteúdo intestinal e realização da identificação bacteriana através do sequenciamento 16SrRNA da digesta ileal e cecal de um leitão por repetição. Os leitões que receberam dieta coma xilanase associada a levedura apresentaram uma tendência de aumento no GPD emcomparação com aqueles animais que pertenciam ao grupo controle (p<0,05). A conversãoalimentar melhorou no tratamentos T2 quando o mesmo foi comparados com o grupo controle(p<0,05). T1 e T2 tenderam a aumentar o presença relativa da família Lactobacillaceae noíleo e ceco (p<0,05). As contagens das famílias Clostridiaceae e Enterobacteriaceae foramreduzidas significativamente no íleo (p<0,05) nos tratamentos 1 e 2. Não houve diferença naocorrência de diarreias entre os tratamentos. A suplementação de leveduras vivas combinadacom xilanase em leitões melhorou o desempenho e levou a um melhor equilíbrio microbianointestinal.