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- DissertaçãoSuplementação hídrica de vitaminas do complexo B, vitamina C, potássio e zinco: impactos no desempenho e na qualidade da água de alevinos de Oreochromis niloticus(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Carezia, Júlia Navarro Fini; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Souza, João Ricardo Malheiros de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3211-8148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3868528104536319; Salvador, Rogério; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8305553541747517; Souza, Felipe Pinheiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3436-4147; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1642955376796651Brazilian agribusiness plays a fundamental role in the country’s economy, including aquaculture, which has shown significant growth, especially in the production of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This species stands out due to its high adaptability and rapid production cycle, with the state of Paraná accounting for approximately 36% of national production. Among the main factors influencing productivity are water quality management and the improvement of zootechnical indices. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the use of a formulated product based on vitamins and minerals, applied directly to the culture water, on the productive performance of fingerlings, with the goal of improving weight gain and growth without compromising water quality. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with three treatments (control, product application once a week, and twice a week), three replicates, and 57 experimental units per treatment. Nine aquaria with a capacity of 113 L were used, each containing 19 fish. Throughout the experimental period, water quality parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, ammonia, nitrite, and hardness) were monitored and remained within appropriate ranges, with no differences observed among treatments. Regarding zootechnical performance, a substantial increase in biomass was observed in all treatments. The initial mean weight ranged from 7.80 to 7.89 g, while final values were 33.57 g, 36.28 g, and 35.77 g for the control, weekly application, and twice-weekly application treatments, respectively. The mean weight gain was 26.29 ± 12.27 g, 28.95 ± 15.18 g, and 28.48 ± 12.37 g, with no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05), although supplemented treatments showed a trend toward higher gain. Length growth was also continuous, with initial values ranging from 7.32 to 7.53 cm and final values from 11.69 to 12.24 cm, resulting in mean increases of 4.60 ± 1.65 cm, 4.89 ± 1.91 cm, and 4.74 ± 1.57 cm, respectively, also without significant differences. Despite the absence of statistically significant effects, the results indicate a trend toward improvement in zootechnical indices with supplementation. However, longer experimental periods and possible adjustments to the experimental design are necessary to confirm its effects on productive performance.
- DissertaçãoParâmetros biológicos de Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e potencial de nematoides entomopatogênicos para manejo na soja(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Tominaga, Bruna Kanno; Alves , Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Silva, Marco Aurélio Tramontin da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker, 1858) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of great economic importance that affects several crops, making the adoption of control measures essential once it is detected in the field. Knowledge of its life cycle, colony optimization, and the identification of efficient natural enemies are fundamental steps for the development of management programs. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the biology of S. cosmioides under different diets and to improve evaluations of the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in its management under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the biology of S. cosmioides fed on an artificial diet and soybean leaves. In addition, the survival of S. cosmioides after EPN inoculation in pupae, the foliar consumption of larvae over time after EPN inoculation, and the survival of EPNs applied to the aerial parts of soybean plants under greenhouse conditions were assessed. Differences in the life cycle duration of S. cosmioides were observed depending on the diet, both in early instars and in the pupal and adult stages. The artificial diet resulted in a shorter life cycle and higher female fecundity. In the nematode assays, EPN inoculation reduced foliar consumption of S. cosmioides by more than 65% after 24 hours. After foliar application on soybean plants in greenhouse conditions, both isolates showed 100% infectivity, causing mortality in Galleria mellonella. However, there was a rapid decline in efficacy over time, with reduced mortality after 12 hours and no effect after 36 hours, indicating loss of viability of infective juveniles (IJs). In the soil, however, survival was higher, with an average infectivity of 54.7% and stability of the UEL08 isolate over 72 hours. The effectiveness against pupae was low (0–4%), with no differences among treatments. It is concluded that the Greene diet is a viable alternative for maintaining S. cosmioides colonies, and that EPNs have potential for use in its control, as they significantly reduced foliar consumption of infected larvae. On the other hand, foliar application without adjuvants is not viable, since a rapid loss of IJ viability and infectivity was observed, indicating the need for further studies to develop strategies to enhance IJ survival over longer periods.
- DissertaçãoAtividade nematicida de extratos de Brugmansia suaveolens sobre Meloidogyne incognita(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Venâncio, Stéphany de Campos; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585Meloidogyne incognita stands out as one of the most aggressive and widely distributed species in tropical regions, causing severe damage to plant root systems. The need for alternatives to synthetic nematicides drives research into plant-based compounds with biological potential and lower environmental impact. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, using J2 obtained from infected tomato roots, processed with sodium hypochlorite solution and filtered through 250 and 500 mesh sieves. The suspensions containing J2 were exposed to two types of extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) at different concentrations, and a negative control was performed with distilled water. The mortality of the juveniles was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure, and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The aqueous extracts caused higher mortality of M. incognita J2, with the flower extract causing up to 98% mortality in all concentrations evaluated and showing no significant difference. The aqueous leaf extract, on the other hand, showed dose-dependent mortality, with values varying according to the dose tested. For the hydroalcoholic extracts, mortality was observed in the extracts obtained from flowers and leaves, with values ranging from 46 to 59% mortality. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of volatile chemical constituents present in B. suaveolens extracts confirmed significant differences between the extracts, both in terms of the extraction method and the part of the plant used.
- DissertaçãoInfluência do condicionador de solos nos atributos químicos, microbiológico e produtividade do milho segunda safra(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Costa, Eduardo Almeida da; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Nicolosi, Mateus Marrafon; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5740779198324583; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Osipe, Jethro Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3090; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449Soil conditioners play a fundamental role in modern agriculture, as they contribute to improved plant development and promote enhancements in soil microbiota, favoring a more balanced and active rhizosphere. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of peat- and humic acid-based soil conditioners on soil microbiology and chemistry, as well as on the phytochemical parameters of corn (Zea mays L.). The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The treatments were as follows: T1 – Control; T2 – Methylobacterium symbioticum; T3 – 100 kg ha⁻¹ of granulated conditioner + M. symbioticum; T4 – 200 kg ha⁻¹ of granulated conditioner + M. symbioticum; T5 – 300 kg ha⁻¹ of granulated conditioner + M. symbioticum; T6 – 100 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + M. symbioticum; T7 – 200 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + M. symbioticum; T8 – 300 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + M. symbioticum; T9 – 100 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner enriched with Trichoderma asperellum + M. symbioticum; T10 – 200 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner enriched with T. asperellum + M. symbioticum; and T11 – 300 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner enriched with T. asperellum + M. symbioticum. In the control treatment, 300 kg ha⁻¹ of urea was applied, while in the treatments containing M. symbioticum, there was a 30% reduction in the urea dose. The following parameters were evaluated: plant height, shoot dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), microbiological attributes, soil chemical analysis, thousand-grain weight (TGW), and final yield (kg ha⁻¹). It was observed that treatment T11, with 300 kg ha⁻¹ of powdered conditioner + Methylobacterium symbioticum, showed an increase of 1,190.4 kg ha⁻¹ compared to the control. Furthermore, all treatments with soil conditioners promoted improvements in soil microbiological attributes. Therefore, it can be concluded that soil conditioners play an important role, and the best treatment among those evaluated was the one containing powdered soil conditioner enriched with Trichoderma asperellum + Methylobacterium symbioticum.
- DissertaçãoTerbutilazina na entressafra: período de segurança pré-semeadura e seletividade para soja em solos de textura contrastantes(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Osipi, Carlos Botelho Pereira; Osipe, Jethro Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3090; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Osipe, Jethro Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6453-3090; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9692340257207288; Gustavo, Dário; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088; Dias, Roque de Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5433-5373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5490315867189084Chemical weed control during the off-season allows interventions when weeds are still at earlier growth stages and broadens the range of available herbicide modes of action, which supports herbicide rotation. However, this practice also raises concerns about residual activity on the succeeding crop and the potential risk of crop injury. Terbuthylazine has emerged as a potential alternative to atrazine. Understanding its behavior in soils with contrasting textures, as well as its potential to injure currently used soybean cultivars, is essential for establishing safe recommendations. This study aimed to: (i) determine the minimum interval required between terbuthylazine application and soybean sowing in sandy- and clay-textured soils; and (ii) identify differences in soybean cultivar sensitivity to terbuthylazine. To address objective (i), two field experiments were conducted in Assis, São Paulo State, Brazil (sandy Oxisol, 15% clay) and Bandeirantes, Paraná State, Brazil (clayey Rhodic Eutrudox, 60% clay), using terbuthylazine rates of 0.6 and 0.8 kg a.i. ha⁻¹ applied at 48, 36, 24, 12, and 0 days before soybean sowing (cultivar NK 6630). For objective (ii), the sensitivity of five soybean cultivars was evaluated under greenhouse conditions based on crop injury, chlorophyll content (SPAD index), fresh mass, and dry mass. In the sandy soil, the minimum safe interval was 32 days for both herbicide rates. In the clayey soil, no effect on yield was observed, regardless of rate or application timing. Genotypic variability in cultivar response was observed: NK 6630 was the most sensitive material, showing greater crop injury and lower SPAD values, whereas Monsoy 6601 was the most tolerant, with lower levels of crop injury.