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- DissertaçãoSomente MetadadadosQuintais produtivos e segurança alimentar: práticas agroecológicas no Norte Pioneiro do Paraná(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2025) Wesgueber, Nataly de Oliveira; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; https://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Diego Contiero da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-034X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6613984286184275; Franco, Danilo Miralha; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-8429; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1216021913375180; Hata, Fernando Teruhiko; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-743X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9498242631830029; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; https://lattes.cnpq.br/6613984286184275; https://lattes.cnpq.br/1216021913375180; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9498242631830029; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4291-034X; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-8429; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0590-743X; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115Family farming, which is predominant in the state of Paraná, accounts for approximately 90% of rural establishments. A significant portion of these properties are smaller than one fiscal module, limiting their economic viability and compromising both food security and household income. In this context, productive home gardens emerge as a sustainable, low-cost, and highly diverse agroecological alternative. These spaces contribute directly to the production of healthy food, the preservation of traditional knowledge, and the generation of complementary income. This study aimed to characterize productive home gardens in the Northern Pioneer region of Paraná, analyzing their impact on food and nutritional security, eating habits, and the autonomy of the families involved. The research employed semi-structured questionnaires applied to family farmers who maintain productive home gardens, collecting socioeconomic data, diversity of cultivated species, management practices, and the frequency of consumption of fresh and ultra-processed foods. The results showed that most gardens are managed by women and rely on sustainable practices such as organic fertilization, biological pest control, and agroecological preparations. A wide variety of vegetables, fruits, medicinal and culinary plants was observed, promoting balanced diets. Despite the increasing presence of ultra-processed foods, those grown in home gardens still dominate the families' diets, highlighting their role as tools of nutritional and cultural resistance. In addition to promoting food sovereignty, these gardens contribute to biodiversity conservation, reduced dependency on external inputs, and improved quality of rural life. A biodiversity-rich, regionally adapted, and easily replicable garden model was developed, reinforcing its potential as a strategy for sustainable rural development and food security.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Potencial forrageiro da Moringa oleifera Lam para ensilagem em diferentes adubações e alturas da planta no momento do corte(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Mantovani, Tiago Marques; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Bumbieris Júnior, Valter Harry; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7255-4887; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0261912196782921; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-1530; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749This study evaluated the forage potential of Moringa oleifera Lam. for silage, analyzing the effects of different nitrogen fertilization sources and plant cutting heights on productivity and bromatological composition. A randomized complete block design was used, with four fertilization treatments (Control, horn and hoof meal – 100 kg N/ha, Urea 100 – 100 kg N/ha, and Urea 200 – 200 kg N/ha), three cutting heights (2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 m), and three replications, totaling 36 experimental plots. The evaluated variables included diameter at breast height (DBH), green matter yield (GMY), dry matter yield (DMY), and bromatological composition (dry matter – DM, crude protein – CP, neutral detergent fiber – NDF, ash, and total digestible nutrients – TDN). Cutting height directly influenced structural development and productivity. DBH increased linearly, with the control treatment ranging from 6.8 cm at 2.0 m to 19.2 cm at 4.0 m. Urea 100 promoted greater initial diameter (11.4 cm at 2.0 m), whereas at 4.0 m all treatments exceeded 19.0 cm. Increasing cutting height substantially enhanced biomass production, with GMY rising from 39.7 to 122.2 ton/ha under 200 kg N/ha, and DMY reaching 29.1 ton/ha with horn and hoof meal at 4.0 m. Dry matter content ranged from 19.0% to 25.3%, indicating the need for moisture adjustment for direct ensiling. Nutritional quality decreased with increasing cutting height, with crude protein exceeding 12.0% at 2.0 m and declining to approximately 5.0% at 4.0 m. NDF (60.0–62.8%) and TDN (51.2–55.6%) remained relatively stable. Nitrogen fertilization did not significantly affect chemical composition or productivity within each cutting height. In conclusion, cutting height is the main factor determining forage management in Moringa oleifera, with lower cuts favoring protein content and higher cuts maximizing biomass production, requiring moisture correction and protein supplementation strategies for silage use.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Consórcio de cana-de-açúcar com Crotalaria spectabilis, em ciclo de cana planta após soja(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Silva, Luís Guilherme Pereira da; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0527-2158; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Lima, Claudinei Paulo de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8352085023073169; Dário, Gustavo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4648-6881; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5682942731827088Weed management in sugarcane is primarily based on pre-emergence herbicides; however, its effectiveness is constrained by multiple factors, such as climate and soil conditions, thereby requiring integrated management strategies. The use of Crotalaria spectabilis as a cover crop is promising; yet, its association with reduced herbicide doses lacks validation regarding selectivity and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the integrated management of Crotalaria spectabilis and reduced herbicide doses during the plant cane cycle, testing weed suppression, legume selectivity to herbicides, and the impact on sugarcane yield. Using a randomized complete block design, the following treatments were evaluated in five replications: T1) C. spectabilis (Crot); T2) reduced herbicide dose (HPEm: 752 g a.i. ha⁻¹ clomazone + 175 g a.i. ha⁻¹ sulfentrazone); T3) full label herbicide dose (HPEM); T4) C. spectabilis associated with the reduced herbicide dose (Crot+HPEm); and T5) control. We assessed cover crop biomass and nutrient accumulation, weed phytosociology, and sugarcane yield. The Crot+HPEm treatment increased C. spectabilis biomass by 57% and enhanced nutrient cycling, suggesting a biostimulation effect. All treatments maintained very low overall weed infestation levels, but the herbicide-only treatments provided complete weed control. The Crot+HPEm intercrop showed lower weed suppression compared to C. spectabilis alone, allowing the selective emergence of Senna obtusifolia. Sugarcane yield ranged from 101.8 to 114.2 t ha⁻¹, and industrial quality parameters did not differ among treatments. Our results confirm that the intercrop effectively suppresses weeds, the reduced herbicide dose is selective and stimulates cover crop growth, and sugarcane yield is not affected by the intercrop. We conclude that Crotalaria spectabilis associated with a reduced herbicide dose contributes to sustainable integrated weed management in sugarcane, demonstrating agronomic viability.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Capacidade de tamponamento de fósforo em solos do Estado do Paraná(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Inoue, Marcos Yassuhiro; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Kölln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Tiecher, Tales; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-2849; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7665378790484936; Silva, Francisco Carlos Mainardes da; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8008-620X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683269855531828; Müller, Marcelo Marques Lopes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5466-2398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3504404305495448; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153Phosphorus (P) partial saturation of sorption sites through corrective phosphate fertilization represents a key strategy for improving nutrient use efficiency in tropical and subtropical soils. The State of Paraná does not yet have a formalized and explicit method for recommending corrective fertilization. In this context, the objective of this study was to quantify the phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) of soils from Paraná, adopting it as a baseline parameter for the recommendation of corrective P rates, as well as to develop predictive models based on clay content and/or remaining phosphorus (Prem). The experiment was conducted at the Soil Laboratory of the State University of Northern Paraná (UENP/CLM). Twenty-six soil samples were collected across the State of Paraná at a depth of 0–20 cm. When necessary, pH correction was performed through incubation with hydrated lime, targeting a pH of 5.5 in CaCl₂. The samples were characterized and incubated for 20 days with 12 different P rates, determined based on the maximum phosphorus adsorption capacity (MPAC), in three replicates. Triple superphosphate was used as the phosphorus source. At the end of the incubation period, soil P contents were determined by Mehlich-1 extraction and quantified using the colorimetric method. Mathematical models were fitted using segmented regression. Phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) was then determined as the inverse of the slope coefficients of the fitted linear segments. The amounts required to increase soil P concentration by 1 mg dm⁻³ ranged from 2.557 to 58.824 kg P ha⁻¹. Exploratory data analysis enabled the grouping of estimated PBC values into classes according to clay content, organized into a practical interpretation and recommendation table. Mean values ranged from 3.94 kg P ha⁻¹ in soils with less than 250 g kg⁻¹ of clay to 25.89 kg P ha⁻¹ in soils with more than 400 g kg⁻¹ of clay. Considering soils with initial P availability classified as "very low," the required doses to reach sufficiency levels ranged approximately from 135 to 450 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹, depending on clay content, indicating that current recommendations may underestimate P requirements in highly clayey soils. Additionally, predictive models were developed using clay content and Prem as single predictors, as well as a multiple regression model incorporating both variables. The inclusion of Prem improved the explanatory power of the model. PBC increased significantly with increasing clay content. The PBC estimation table proved consistent for practical recommendation purposes, although the predictive models showed greater sensitivity in soils with clay contents between 400 and 550 g kg⁻¹. For the State of Paraná, where no formally established method for corrective phosphate fertilization currently exists, phosphorus buffering capacity (PBC) shows potential as a technical tool to support the definition of corrective P application rates.
- DissertaçãoAcesso aberto (Open Access)Mudança de pH em caldas à base de glyphosate no controle de plantas daninhas(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Ferreira, Emilene Aparecida dos Santos; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Rodrigues, Diego Resende; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9495-8943; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9381400899886153; Ferreira, Silvio Douglas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8989-4498; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0270087159948589; Gandolfo, Marco Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Precipito, Lais Maria Bonadio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5942464936055299Herbicide use has become essential in agricultural management, with glyphosate standing out as one of the most widely used active ingredients for the effective control of several weed species. Its mode of action is based on the inhibition of essential amino acid synthesis, thereby preventing plant growth. A key factor determining the efficacy of this herbicide is the pH of the spray solution. The level of acidity or alkalinity may affect both the stability of the active ingredient and its absorption by plants. Specifically, under acidic pH conditions, glyphosate molecules tend to remain in their non-dissociated form, which facilitates cuticular penetration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH variation on the efficacy of different commercial glyphosate formulations. For this purpose, seven formulations were tested at three pH levels: the original pH of each product, pH 3.0, and pH 9.0. Analyses of the physicochemical properties of the solutions were performed to better understand the behavior of the formulations under different conditions. Applications were carried out on Raphanus raphanistrum (wild radish), followed by visual assessments of control percentage. The Crucial® spray solution at pH 3.0 showed the best performance, achieving approximately 95% control at 28 days after application, demonstrating that herbicide efficacy depends on the interaction between formulation type, salt constituent, and spray solution pH.