Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adição de diferentes classes de adjuvantes nas aplicações do herbicida glufosinato
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-07-09) Oliveira, João Victor de; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Kruger, Greg R.; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8975-0507
The percentage of area treated with glufosinate is low, mainly due to weed control inconsistencies. Adjuvants can assist in the use of glufosinate for technologies of resistant crops and favor decreases in the probability of resistance evolution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of adding adjuvants of different chemical and physical constitutions on the performance of glufosinate herbicide. In the first chapter, the objective was to determine the effect of adding adjuvants on the physical and chemical properties and the droplet spectrum in glufosinate applications. In the second chapter, the objective was to evaluate the effect of adding adjuvants to glufosinate on the control and contact angle on different weed species at two developmental stages. Laboratory and greenhouse analyses were carried out to evaluate physical and chemical properties (density, dynamic viscosity, surface tension, electrical conductivity, and pH) of solutions and to determine droplet spectrum parameters: droplet diameter at 10%, 50%, and 90% of the total volume applied (Dv0.1, Dv0.5, and Dv0.9), relative amplitude, and percentage of volume of droplets smaller than 100 and 150 μm (V100 and V150). Weed control was carried out at two developmental stages (15 ± 3 cm and 27 ± 3 cm) of six weed species (velvetleaf, kochia, waterhemp, common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, and green foxtail). The addition of adjuvants resulted in variations in the spray solutions for all evaluated parameters. The presence of adjuvants resulted in higher variations for viscosity than for density. The addition of the drift-reducing adjuvant resulted in higher viscosity and better droplet spectrum characteristics to reduce drift (> Dv0.5, < V100, and < V150). Weed control and contact angle varied according to the weed species, adjuvant class, and developmental stage. The contact angle is dependent on the weed species, spray solution, and leaf position on the plant.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aeronave remotamente pilotável na qualidade da aplicação
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023-04-27) Silva, Adenilson de Souza da; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Gandolfo, Marco Antônio; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2314-3752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5560552732033631; Baio, Fabio Henrique Rojo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9522-0342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5720701444145747
Global demand for food continues to rise, necessitating a continuous increase in agricultural production. This highlights the significant importance of the Brazilian agribusiness in the world. In light of this situation, a new application technology has been widely used worldwide: the application with Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAs). There is not much information available about this technology, as research data obtained in Brazil is scarce, leading to inconsistent information generated without scientific support. This hinders more technical analysis of agronomic, environmental, and economic feasibility. The objective of this research was to study the effects of weather conditions, application rates, droplet classes, flight heights, and application speeds on the deposition and coverage of remotely piloted aircraft application. The experiment with application rates and droplet classes was conducted in a 2x2x4 factorial design, with two application conditions during the day (morning and afternoon), two droplet size classes (medium and coarse), and four application rates (5, 6.5, 8.5, 10 L ha-1). The experiments with flight heights and application speeds were set up in a 2x5 (two application conditions × five flight heights - 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 meters) and 2x4 (two application conditions × four operation speeds - 3, 4, 5, and 6 m s-1) factorial design, both experiments at an application rate of 5 L ha-1 and with a medium droplet class. The data were analyzed using canonical analysis techniques. The results indicate that deposition and coverage are not affected by weather conditions in the coarse droplet class but are significantly affected in the medium droplet class. Coverage has a negative relationship with deposition. Applications with favorable weather parameters benefit deposition with the medium droplet class, regardless of the application rate, and coverage is more negatively affected by unfavorable weather conditions than deposition. Coverage and deposition have different effects on changes in application rates. Medium droplet classes provide greater variability in deposition, while coarse droplet classes provide greater variability in coverage. Treatments at heights of 3 and 4 meters had the greatest coverage variability and correlation with relative humidity. There was greater similarity in data variability between speeds of 4 and 5 m s-1 compared to other speeds, indicating that these two speeds do not have statistical differences. Speeds of 3 and 6 m s-1 were the treatments that correlated with deposition and coverage due to their proximity to the vectors. Deposition and coverage exhibited a positive correlation with each other and a negative correlation with meteorological variables. Temperature and humidity were the variables causing the greatest variability in the data. Lower flight heights have a positive impact on coverage and deposition, being less affected by weather conditions. Higher wind speed increases the variability of coverage and deposition. The effect of RPA application speed is dependent on the prevailing meteorological condition at the time of application.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ambiente protegido: uma alternativa de cobertura com material reciclável
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-03-30) Fernandes, Flávia Regina Moreira; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Reis; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Ralisch, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4982-2112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3620197655490764; Oliveira, Rone Batista de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3071-4827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2379804514613050; Abi-Saab, Otavio Jorge Grígoli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1757-636X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8437035647330384
Cultivation on a protected environment generates microclimate changes favorable to the development of vegetables, which has become very common in the past few years among homelike farmers due to the increased productivity in small areas. Given the great influence of different spectral characteristics in plant development, this research was conducted in order to evaluate the physical parameters of coverage in a protected environment with recyclable materials (PET - polyethylene terephthalate) compared to the coverage with low density polyethylene (PEBD) regarding the indicated climate conditions given to the vegetables cultivation. The experiment was carried out from July 27 to August 26, 2015 on the Campus of Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Bandeirantes, PR. The protected environments contained dimensions of 2x3 m, 2.5 m in the right foot of eucalyptus and fall of 20%, surrounded with anti-aphids mesh and with plastic film in the skirt with 60 cm high, coverage with green bottle PET roof, coverage with transparent bottle PET, coverage with PEBD of 100µm with and without diffuser, installed in the East/West direction. The experimental design was a factorial 4 x 3 (four environments x three schedules) + external environment for the collection of data regarding the air temperature and relative humidity maximum air, medium and minimum and factorial 4 x 2 (four environments x two schedules) for data from the exposure time for the solar radiation reading, luminance and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), in which it was studied the interactions of the factors by the analysis of variance and the means of the protected environments and for schedules compared by the F test at 5% of probability. In the protected environment A2 (coverage with green PET bottle) was registered the highest maximum and minimum internal temperature maximum in relation to the external environment. In the protected environment A2 (coverage with green PET bottle) was recorded a reduction of PAR and brightness compared to other treatments. The protected environment A4 (coverage with 100 µm without diffuser) presented less exposure time to read the solar radiation performed automatically by the spectroradiometer. The sources of variation: “protected environments” and “schedules” showed a significant interaction in the time of exposure to solar radiation reading. There was a significant reduction in the photosynthetically active radiation input (PAR) and light compared to the external environment in which the protected environment A2 recorded lower incidence of PAR and brightness compared to other treatments. A4 protected environment occurred less exposure time to read the solar radiation and interaction between sources of variation environments protected and the data acquisition time. The A2 environment showed a higher number of emerged seeds and emergency speed index, differing from the other treatments, which is the environment that provided better physical parameters for the smooth lettuce seed cultivation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das declarações do cadastro ambiental rural em relação as certificações de área do SIGEF
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023) Fonseca Junior, Edson José; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100; Reis, Luiz Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-8535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4310404758664835; Reis, Teresinha Esteves da Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6379-4790; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5705088234641018; Duft, Daniel Garbellini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-9687; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1960620473831019
Amidst controversy, the Brazilian Forest Code was sanctioned in 2012, together too a new tool for analyzing rural properties was created, the Rural Environmental Registry (CAR). This is a electronic public record, mandatory for all rural properties, the purpose of integrating environmental information on rural properties and possessions referring to Permanent Preservation Areas (APP), of restricted use, Legal Reserve, remnants of forests and other forms of native vegetation, and consolidated areas, composing a database for control, monitoring, environmental and economic planning and combating deforestation. The registration tool has been demonstrating some divergences, in the georeferencing tab, which aims to identify information on land use and occupation and its perimeter. The aim of this work was to evaluate the divergences of information obtained by the CAR due to the different ways of inserting maps and to analyze the precision and accuracy of the topographic survey methods applied to the measurement of rural properties of different sizes and formats. The methodology recommended by SIGEF was adopted for georeferencing purposes, using conventional topography methods, the use of high-precision GNSS equipment and remote sensing. A map generated from Google Earth was produced for each property in a KML file. The maps obtained were inserted into the application for rural environmental registration made available by the Brazilian Institute of the Environment, on the orbital image contained therein, establishing comparisons for each of the methods. The data were processed in topographic automation software and, when possible, the coordinates were adjusted to the Brazilian Continuous Monitoring Network (RBMC). The analyzes of comparisons between the methods were performed Separated into four groups according to the size of the properties. We hope that the Rural Environmental Registry tool can facilitate environmental monitoring and, consequently, ecosystem service. The results showed us that the quality of the registration is directly linked to the quality of the georeferencing section of the CAR application, and when associated with the certification data we have a more reliable result of the declaration. Our data showed that due to the quality of the data used for the CAR declaration we can have positive and negative impacts mainly due to the increase in the provision of ecosystem services (eg water quality) and increase in production costs, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos biológicos de Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel, 1767) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) e testes com nematoides entomopatogênicos (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae) visando o seu controle
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-04-16) Giannasi, Andréia de Oliveira; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Ringenberg, Rudiney; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0906-5535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3610407592944170; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452
The black-cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of economic importance in many cultures, including corn (Zea mays) reaching the potential loss of 20%, the lack of information about its impact on corn motivated a comparison of their biology, in the larval and pupal stages with artificial and natural diet (corn leaf). Entomopathogenic nematodes (NEPs) present along with one bacterial symbiont association that manages to control insects. The infective juvenile nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis Heterorhabditis seek their hosts in the soil and, when they find them in their natural openings penetrate or pierce their cuticle killing the insect within 48 hours. In the laboratory, larvae were individually and fed with artificial diet and corn leaf daily to assess the biological parameters of duration and viability of larval instars, and total duration of each individual instar larval and pupal sex ratio, deformation, mass of caterpillars and pupae, consumption and utilization of food. Was also made in the selection of isolates of NEPs laboratory using nine isolates, namely: Heterorhabditis amazonensis (RSC05); Heterorhabditis indica (IBCB-n05); H. sp. (JPM4), H. sp. (IBCB-n40); H. sp. (NEPET 11); H. sp. (IBCB-n44); H. sp. (Alho); Steinernema carpocapsae (IBCB-n02) and S. sp. (CH3). Test was also performed with different stages in the larval and pupal stages, various concentrations of test (0 – witness, 50 JIs/cm2, 100 JIs/cm2, 150 JIs/cm2and 200 JIs/cm2) of NEPs and in vivo production in Galleria mellonella L. caterpillars (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with isolated IBCB-n02, IBCB-n05 and Alho, where the concentration of selection test and 3º instar larvae of A. ipsilon and test at home a greenhouse were used. The biology of life, the caterpillars that were fed corn leaf had higher larval duration and greater deformity in adults and pupae, and larvae fed on artificial diet had greater viability of larvae and pupae and shorter larval duration, caterpillars fed with diet artificial ate more food, produced more feces, gained more weight and metabolized more food. In selecting only isolated NEPET 11 did not reach efficient mortality (10%), which differed from the rest that was above 80% to 100% with the isolated CH3. In the test with different stages in the larval stage and pupal stage no single reached higher mortality when compared with the 3º instar larvae in different concentrations of NEPs, isolated Alho reached 10% mortality for the concentration of 50 JIs/cm2and isolated IBCB-n05 reached 100% mortality at a concentration of 200 JIs/cm2. In production test in vivo isolated Alho showed the highest production was 112 138 IJs / larva of G. mellonella. In-house-vegetation isolated IBCB-n02 caused higher mortality differed from the control. The results of this study show that different isolates NEPs have infectivity in the laboratory efficient (greater than 80%) for use in biological control programs for A. ipsilon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos biológicos de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) criadas em dieta artificial contendo diferentes fontes proteicas
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2020-10-30) Borges, Gabriele do Prado; Mihsfeldt, Laila Herta; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6619-8652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5443619889613070; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Rando, Jael Simões Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5191-2996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794627489819518; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Silva, Gabriela Vieira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-0391; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6593862082231188
This work aimed to test different protein sources in artificial diets for the rearing of Diatraea saccharalis. The experiment was conducted in the Entomology-Nematology and Insect Pests laboratories of the Luiz Meneghel Campus, at the State University of Northern Paraná. Oatmeal, sweet potato, fubá mimoso, flaxseed, rice, coarse cornmeal, canjiquinha, corn flakes, and sweet potatoes in natura, in the colors orange, white, purple, and common, were evaluated as protein sources. In view of the large number of treatments, the experiment was divided into stages as follows: Stage 1: The above-mentioned protein sources were evaluated and divided into three test batches (1a, 1b, and 1c). For this purpose, five newly hatched caterpillars were placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (40 per diet). At the end of the larval period, the pupae were individualized in 50 mL plastic cups and after 24 h were weighed and separated by sex. In Stages 1a, 1b, and 1c, the following were evaluated: duration of the larval and pupal period, weight and sexing of pupae, number of pupae and adults formed, and larval and pupal viability. Stage 2: the development of D. saccharalis fed a standard diet (used in a biofactory) was compared with the oatmeal diet that performed best in Stage 1. Five newly hatched caterpillars were placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (40 per diet); after the pupal phase, 30 adult couples were formed from each of the two diets for collection and daily egg counting until the death of the adults, evaluating adult longevity and total number of eggs per female of D. saccharalis. In Stage 1a, the highest number of pupae were obtained and, consequently, the highest larval viability for insects fed with oatmeal and sweet potato flour. In Stage 1b, oatmeal continued to show a shorter duration of the larval and pupal period, and in Stage 1c, white sweet potato showed a shorter duration of the larval and pupal period and higher larval viability. In Stage 2, oatmeal showed a shorter duration of the larval period, and the diet from Plant B showed a shorter duration of the pupal period. In the diet containing oatmeal, the treatment without food resulted in greater adult longevity. The protein source that showed the best response to the biological parameters of D. saccharalis was oatmeal.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação da condutibilidade elétrica do leite à cultura microbiológica na fazenda no ato da secagem de vacas Jersey em sistema de Compost Barn e ordenha
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-03-31) Silva, Jessica Quirino da; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Zacarias, Francielle Gibson da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1862-675X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1740021520322135; Filho, Ivan Roque de Barros; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-9358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3978670586325267; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Alberton, Luiz Romulo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5912-0467; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3800644716976971
The expansion of agricultural crops and pasture areas was responsible for most of the deforestation in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná. In this study, landscape fragmentation and its temporal evolution were evaluated by applying landscape ecology metrics in the period corresponding to the 1970s and 2012 (42 years), comparing the results of the metrics regarding their ability to demonstrate causes and consequences of forest fragmentation. The study area is located in the municipality of Bandeirantes-PR, situated between the coordinates 50°25'44" to 50°16'43" W and 23°14'05" to 23°05'59" S. Assessments of deforestation and degree of fragmentation were carried out using remote sensing data and landscape analysis. The results revealed that there was a reduction in the number of fragments between the periods: in 1970, 634 fragments, and in 2012, 312 fragments, which corresponds to 322 fragments less, and in percentage this is equivalent to 49% of the examined area. The study area has been undergoing landscape transformations since 1970, and the degree of fragmentation of native vegetation areas was replaced by temporary and permanent crops and pasture. Thus, the results of this study indicate that deforestation affected almost half of the natural vegetation until 2012, aggravating the integrity of native vegetation fragments in the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Associação de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo e transferência de embrião em tempo fixo em vacas de corte mestiças
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022-05-24) Seugling, Guilherme Henrique Freitas; Barreiros, Thales Ricardo Rigo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-5901; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5374406053323863; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-6996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Cavalieri, Fabio Luiz Bim; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-6995; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6534931458837778; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Prohmann, Paulo Emílio Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1777074807269801
The experiment started in the breeding season of 2020/2021, until April/2022, in 3 properties located in Santo Antônio da Platina, Paraná, Brazil. Initially, 143 sows were used, which were synchronized through an FTAI protocol and inseminated, seven days after artificial insemination, embryo transfer was carried out for induction of twin pregnancies, 30 and 60 days after insemination, the diagnosis of pregnancy with ultrasound, to determine the FTAI/TETTF pregnancy rate. The total AI/TE pregnancy rate was 60.93% with results ranging from 71.43% to 52.73% between properties. The twin birth rate after the combination of techniques was 20.31% (26/128). It was also found that the time of gestation was affected by the presence of two fetuses in the uterus. The average of twin pregnancies was 283.64 ± 3.4 days (p < 0.01), whereas for single Nellore/IA it was 294.79 ± 5.68 and Tabapuã/IVF 295.52 ± 8.87 not differing from each other. As expected, there was a difference in birth weights between males and females, for twin pregnancies and Nelore/IA (p < 0.05) however there was no difference between males and females Tabapuã/IVF. The final stillbirth of calves from twin/triple births was 34.61% (18/52), with five twin births with the death of both calves. When analyzing the relationship between the weight of calves at weaning and the weight of the mother, the result was 71.48% in calves that were lactated as twins. This ratio was 32.42% higher than for single Tabapuã/IVF calves and 76.89% for Nellore/IA calves.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade nematicida de extratos de Brugmansia suaveolens sobre Meloidogyne incognita
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Venâncio, Stéphany de Campos; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Poletto, Rodrigo de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7034-7865; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8774064317309922; Silva, Santino Aleandro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1019-1926; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8341476195396585
Meloidogyne incognita stands out as one of the most aggressive and widely distributed species in tropical regions, causing severe damage to plant root systems. The need for alternatives to synthetic nematicides drives research into plant-based compounds with biological potential and lower environmental impact. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the nematicidal activity of aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from leaves and flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens (Solanaceae) on second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. The experiments were conducted under controlled laboratory conditions, using J2 obtained from infected tomato roots, processed with sodium hypochlorite solution and filtered through 250 and 500 mesh sieves. The suspensions containing J2 were exposed to two types of extracts (aqueous and hydroalcoholic) at different concentrations, and a negative control was performed with distilled water. The mortality of the juveniles was evaluated after 24 hours of exposure, and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey's test (p<0.05). The aqueous extracts caused higher mortality of M. incognita J2, with the flower extract causing up to 98% mortality in all concentrations evaluated and showing no significant difference. The aqueous leaf extract, on the other hand, showed dose-dependent mortality, with values varying according to the dose tested. For the hydroalcoholic extracts, mortality was observed in the extracts obtained from flowers and leaves, with values ranging from 46 to 59% mortality. Analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the detection and identification of volatile chemical constituents present in B. suaveolens extracts confirmed significant differences between the extracts, both in terms of the extraction method and the part of the plant used.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da produção in vivo, alternativas de meio de cultura e diferentes concentrações de inóculo para produção in vitro de Heterorhabditis amazonensis (Isolado UEL 08)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Doneze, Gabriela Souza; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Alves, Luis Francisco Angeli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3102-764X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0613029292752945
Entomopathogenic Nematodes (EPN) are obligate parasites that have an association with symbiotic bacteria and cause mortality in insects, so they are excellent agents in biological control. EPN-based products are a reality outside Brazil, but here, they are still scarce due to the difficulty of large-scale production. On the other hand, the native isolate Heterorhabditis amazonensis (UEL 08) was evaluated as a potential agent for use in the control of the avian rattlesnake, Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Although pathogenicity and virulence tests on the insect indicate that this is a promising isolate, there is no evidence that it can be produced on a large scale and used to control this pest. Therefore, this work aimed to perform in vivo and in vitro production tests of isolate UEL 08. For the in vivo test, Galleria mellonella larvae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as host and the production per larva, per gram of larva and total production was evaluated. In vitro production was evaluated using solid and semi-solid medium containing different fat sources (corn, canola, cotton, soybean, coconut, pork fat and bovine milk butter). Subsequently, different inoculum sizes (1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 7,500 and 10,000 Infecting Juveniles (IJs)/fry) were evaluated. The trials were conducted in an entirely randomized design, with four replicates for each treatment. In the in vivo production assay we observed a production of 6.5 × 10⁴ IJs/larva and a total production of 6.5 × 10⁵ IJs/repetition. In in vitro production in solid medium, there was a difference between the fat sources used, with corn oil providing the highest production with 926.5 IJs/mL of medium. In semi-solid medium, corn oil also showed the best production, with 3.2 × 10⁴ IJs/mL, differing from all other fat sources evaluated. The IJs produced both in solid and semi-solid medium were virulent when applied on G. mellonella larvae, with mortality values approaching 100%. The best inoculum concentration in semi-solid medium was 1,000 IJs/well.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de inoculante longa vida em diferentes períodos de tempo na pré semeadura na cultura da soja (Glycine max L.)
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-06-09) Contin, Rodrigo Ferrari; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Bellettini, Silvestre; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-544X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0540747739983343; Tashima, Hatiro; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8757-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0514640010249563; Manetti, Fabio Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2126891963179008
In search of technological advances for soybean production, many researchers are dedicated to the study of biological nitrogen fixation (FBN) in soybeans, because it is a crop that demands a high amount to develop. Seed inoculation is a technology that establishes the necessary physical contact of the soybean seed as a vehicle for the nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the seed. The present study evaluated long-life inoculants in the soybean crop at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days before seeding under the height of the aerial part and stem diameter of the plants, dry and fresh mass of the aerial part and roots, amount of pods with three, two and one grains, mass of a thousand grains and productivity. In the evaluated variables, the use of long-life inoculant is viable technology and its use in soybean sowing is recommended.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do extrato hidroalcoólico de Punica granatum Linn. sobre bactérias de interesse à mastite bovina
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2014-08-07) Moreira, Giovanna Melatti Bermal; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Peixoto, Erika Cosendey Toledo de Mello; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9608-4282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0963818563395019; Silva, Luciana Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-2094; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8207280726883591; Silva, Regildo Márcio Gonçalves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5285324361162578; Patelli, Thais Helena Constantino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2981-6471; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6738089449088570; Silva, Marcelo Alves da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3283906522734749
Bovine mastitis is characterized by inflammation of the mammary gland, usually due to bacterial infection, compromising quantity and quality of milk production. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity in vitro of the hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of the pomegranate fruit on standard strains of interest the bovine mastitis. The colonies were resuspended and adjusted at a concentration of 107 ml-1 UV-visible spectrophotometry. The extracts were evaluated in five replications in seven concentrations: 1000 mg mL-1to 25 mg mL-1. Were used strains of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC 15305, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 11229, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhi ATCC 19214, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23355 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 33018. Sensitivity of the strains were determined using the minimum inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion test and the results showed that the inhibition zones corresponding to values from 15 mm were considered sensitive. For phytochemical evaluation was determined levels of antioxidant activity, total phenols and flavonoids. Thus, the extract was diluted in seven concentrations: 25 the 1000 mg L-1, and evaluated in triplicate. Bacterial growth was inhibited at concentrations of 100 mg mL-1 and the antioxidant activity was observed from 50 mg mL-1, with values corresponding to 4,62% to 64,90% plateau at a concentration of 500 mg mL-1. In the evaluation of radical scavenging activity, using the free radical DPPH, the extract demonstrated antioxidant activity (IC50% = 378,80 μg L-1). However, it has not been possible to correlate the levels of antioxidant activity at levels of phenols and flavonoids. Perhaps the presence of other substances alkaloids and tannins present in the extracts may have been responsible for the antioxidant activity found. The extract was able to inhibit the growth at concentrations of 500 and 1000 mg mL-1 except Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enterica subsp. serovar Typhi ATCC 19214, all strains had the same results in both the disk diffusion test as in CIM. That way the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of EHPG 10% may represent important therapeutic potential, particularly for animal health in organic and agroecological production systems, where the use of chemical antibiotics is vetoed. It is concluded that the hydroalcoholic extract of Punica granatum Linn. has antimicrobial activity, demonstrating potential benefit for the control of bovine mastitis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do potencial de Talaromyces funiculosus no biocontrole da ferrugem asiática da soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2022) Macedo, Nixau Wauters; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Matsumoto, Leopoldo Sussumu; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5102-545X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0857955043436449; Oliveira Júnior, Admilton Gonçalves de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1556-5146; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0212864823556099
Soybean is one of the most planted and economically important crops in the world. Like most cultivated species, soybean cultivation faces phytosanitary problems, such as diseases, the main one being soybean rust, a polycyclic disease caused by the biotrophic fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Chemical management and the adoption of the sanitary vacuum are the main strategies to combat the disease in the field. However, since the 2004/2005 crop, the efficiency of fungicides in rust control has been drastically reduced. Thus, the sector has sought to develop biological control strategies that can add to the management measures adopted in order to enhance them and also reduce the environmental impacts arising from the massive use of chemical control. In the present work, an isolate of Talaromyces funiculosus was identified and its potential use as a biological control agent for soybean rust was observed in in vitro and field trials. The observation of the interaction between Talaromyces funiculosus and Phakopsora pachyrhizi in ESM shows the occurrence of mycoparasitism as one of the possible mechanisms of antagonism. Furthermore, the use of a solution of metabolites secreted by T. funiculosus, free from the fungus, is also capable of reducing rust severity. In sum, the results obtained here indicate that the identified isolate has potential for the development of a biological and semiochemical product for preventive management of soybean rust.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos efeitos da luz LED vermelha e branca, sobre a produção de poedeiras comerciais com mais de 70 semanas de vida
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2023-04-28) Monteiro, Nicoly Maria Peres; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Moraes, José Evandro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9105-6661; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012995568847873; Tamehiro, Claudia Yurika; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1544-2130; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3001407216866732; Porto, Emília de Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-2533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7968074715970358; Sakamoto, Márcia Izumi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1359471073257422
The constant increase in egg production year after year creates opportunities for new technologies. In this way, the lighting programs have been renewed, with different colors, in order to increase the production and quality of the eggs. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the red LED lamp compared to the white LED lamp on the production of commercial laying hens with more than 70 weeks of life. 1920 commercial laying hens of the Lohmann LSL lineage with 70 weeks of age were used. The light sources used were: Red LED, White LED. The variables egg weight, production percentage, feed intake (g/bird/day), feed conversion (kg/kg), feed conversion (kg/dz), albumen height, Haugh unit, yolk color, peel strength, percentage of peel, thickness of peel. The birds received a continuous lighting program of 16 hours per day. A completely randomized design was adopted, with 480 birds per repetition, totaling 2 treatments and 8 repetitions. The variables were initially submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk test to verify whether or not the data have a normal distribution. Variables with normal distribution are presented as arithmetic mean and standard deviation. For comparison between treatments, the T test for independent samples was used. Productive and egg quality indices did not suffer any influences (p > 0.05) between the evaluated lamp colors. It is concluded that the color of the white or red LED lamp has no influence on the performance characteristics and egg quality of commercial laying hens with more than 70 weeks of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação in vitro da inclusão de diferentes concentrações de óleos na mitigação de metano em ruminantes
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016) Lima, Daniel Sampaio Ferreira; Tomich, Thierry Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7946491833504889; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Silva, Marcos Augusto Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5570-8677; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4973981237909142; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Maeda, Emilyn Midori; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8953-3935; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323201152349999
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of oils in the diet on the kinetics of fermentation, degradability and methane production in vitro by the technique of cumulative gas production (PCG). The treatments consisted of inclusion levels (0%, 4%, 8% and 12%) of soybean oil, peanut oil, canola oil and sunflower oil to standard forage (Brachiaria), using a completely randomized design with thirteen treatments and three replications. Ruminal fermentation kinetics and methane production was assessed by semi-automatic vitro gas production technique. Ruminal fermentation kinetics in vitro, as well as the production of methane, oil and for different concentrations studied had similar behavior to each other, with no statistical difference between them. It can be concluded that the different sources and oil concentrations did not affect ruminal fermentation kinetics in vitro and greenhouse gas emissions, but the inclusion of different oils reduced the emission of CO2 and CH4 in all percentages. However there is still the need for more research in this area to clarify the boundaries between positive and negative effects of adding oil in the diet of ruminants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bases biológicas de Trichogramma pretiosum (Riley, 1879) (Hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) e nematoides entomopatogênicos sobre Rachiplusia nu (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: noctuidae) na cultura da soja
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2024) Andrade, Nathália Costalonga; Bueno, Adeney de Freitas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-5845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7329418125245335; Alves, Viviane Sandra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2381-8115; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794580975938452; Silva, Gabriela Vieira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6432-0391; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6593862082231188; Carvalho, Vanessa Andalo Mendes de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-1680; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8132224406035792; Bueno, Adeney de Freitas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5462-5845; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7329418125245335
Brazil is considered the world's largest producer of soybeans (Glycine max) and has high levels of use of Bt soybeans, which provide control over various caterpillars that attack this crop, such as the species Rachiplusia nu (Guenée, 1852) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, the occurrence of this species has been reported in some Brazilian states on Bt soybeans (Cry1Ac), which may indicate resistance, increasing its importance as a pest insect. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the biological bases of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and entomopathogenic nematodes (NEP) of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema with a view to controlling R. nu, separately. To this end, tests were carried out with the parasitoid T. pretiosum to assess its biological characteristics and parasitism capacity on R. nu eggs at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30ºC. The parameters evaluated in the biology tests were: duration of development (egg-adult); percentage of emergence (viability); number of individuals per egg and sex ratio. The parasitism capacity was also assessed at the same temperatures, and the following biological parameters were observed: number of eggs parasitized daily; cumulative percentage of parasitism; total number of eggs parasitized per female and female longevity. For the NEP, experiments were carried out on the selection of isolates (pathogenicity and virulence), the efficiency of different concentrations (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 IJ/cm²) and tests on production (total production, production per caterpillar, production per gram of R. nu caterpillar). As for the data on parasitoid action, in the experiments on biology, the parameters percentage emergence and number of parasitoids per egg were not affected by the conditions studied. As for the sex ratio, the results obtained at 25 and 30ºC and the duration of development (egg-adult) showed differences between the three temperatures. In the capacity bioassays, the parasitism rate of T. pretiosum was directly influenced by temperature, and longevity was greater as the temperature decreased, while the accumulated percentage of parasitism varied from 6 to 10 days, from the highest temperature to the lowest, respectively. The highest number of parasitized eggs was 46 eggs per female. As a result of the NEP selection, isolates UEL07 and UENP06 were selected, both Heterorhabditis amazonensis, which showed 100% mortality in R. nu. At all concentrations, the nematodes were pathogenic on R. nu, with results of 98 to 100% mortality at the highest concentration used for isolates UENP06 and UEL07, respectively. Finally, the average total production of NEP was 2.9 × 10⁴ for UENP06 and 3.9 × 10⁴ for UEL07.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biocontrole de fitopatógenos: uma perspectiva integrada de produção científica e estudos experimentais
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2026) Martins, Livian Soares; Marques, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Lescano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Marques, Luis Eduardo Azevedo Lescano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-9211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0477576296995064; Sichieri, Rafaella Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7030413218339310; Reis, Guilherme Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5675852978278805
The biological control has been widely studied as a sustainable strategy for the management of plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Talaromyces stollii as a biocontrol agent of the soil phytopathogenic fungi Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Macrophomina phaseolina and to analyze the evolution of scientific production on the molecular biology of biological control of plant diseases through a scientometric study. For the laboratory assays, T. stollii strain BCA1.1 was cultivated in dual culture on PDA with S. sclerotiorum and M. phaseolina. The action of volatile compounds and metabolites present in the supernatant obtained from the antagonist fungus culture on the growth of the phytopathogens was evaluated. For the scientometric analysis of publications on molecular mechanisms of antagonism between biocontrol agents and phytopathogens, data were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases between 1990 and 2024, analyzing indicators of scientific production growth, main thematic areas, authors, institutions, collaboration networks, and research trends. The experimental results showed that T. stollii inhibited both phytopathogens only in direct confrontation in dual culture. Macroscopic analysis of the plate revealed that the invasion of S. sclerotiorum initially occurred beneath and then above the mycelium, while in M. phaseolina the antagonist established itself over the mycelium through sporulation. Observations by optical light microscopy, using the adhesive tape method, allowed visualization of the typical hyphal coiling of mycoparasitism and the sporulation of the antagonist over the mycelium. Volatile compounds and non-volatile metabolites of T. stollii did not inhibit fungal growth. The results suggest that inhibition depends on direct contact, indicating that T. stollii may have potential in integrated management and in reducing chemical pesticides. The scientometric analysis showed that studies on molecular mechanisms of biocontrol began in 1990 and grew significantly from 2007 onwards, with an average annual rate of 9.99%. There was a shift from the study of classical agents, such as Trichoderma and Bacillus subtilis, to modern approaches involving genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, enzyme production, secondary metabolites, and complex ecological interactions. Biological control has evolved from traditional practices to a science guided by “omics,” highlighting genomic prospecting and rational formulation of biological agents. China, Brazil, and India stand out, with international collaboration networks and greater participation of the global south. Future perspectives include multifunctional agents, genetic engineering, optimization of antifungal metabolites, and integration with sustainable management. The integration between laboratory results and scientometric analysis reinforces the potential of T. stollii and indicates that advances in biotechnology and molecular biology may expand its practical application in the control of agricultural diseases.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características agronômicas e qualidade fisiológica de sementes de trigo cultivado com doses de nitrogênio e de trinexapac-ethyl
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2020-12-11) Faria, Lucas Pinto de; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8067599760812752; Silva, Sérgio Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6951-8324; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8067599760812752; Bazzo, José Henrique Bizzarri; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9512-1611; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8466395433568127; Kolln, Oriel Tiago; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-9808; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8041626078120100
Wheat is used as a feedstock in several industrial products, being indispensable in the agro-industrial complex, whether in human or animal food. Nitrogen (N) fertilization is essential for wheat crop, as it increases grain yield and flour quality; however, it can increase the lodging of the crop. Trinexapac-ethyl is a hormonal product that reduces plant growth, and it is widely used to reduce the lodging of wheat crops. In this context, trinexapac-ethyl and N can be managed together, decreasing the possibility of crop lodging and increasing grain yield. In addition, environmental conditions and genetic materials are factors that strongly influence the response of plants to rates of N and trinexapac-ethyl. Finally, little information is available on the influence of N fertilization and plant-growth reducer on the physiological quality of seeds produced by wheat crop. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of rates of N and trinexapac-ethyl on plant agronomic characteristics and on physiological quality of wheat seeds. The experiment was carried out in two edaphoclimatic environments, Londrina and Ponta Grossa, in a randomized block design, with a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement, being two wheat genotypes (WT 15008 and WT 15025), three rates of N (0, 40, and 120 kg ha⁻¹) and three rates of the plant-growth reducer (0, 200, and 400 mL ha⁻¹ of the commercial product Moddus®). Agronomic characteristics related to wheat productivity (hectoliter weight, thousand grain weight, population density of fertile plants, plant height and lodging, and grain yield) and physiological quality of seeds (germination and vigor of seeds — by the cold and accelerated aging tests; length and dry matter of seedlings) were evaluated. The fertilization with the higher N rate caused negative effects on wheat crop, such as greater plant lodging in Londrina and reduced vigor of the produced seeds. The spraying of trinexapac-ethyl on wheat crop harmed the physiological quality of the seeds produced, reducing the length and dry matter of seedlings related to Londrina and Ponta Grossa. There was a wide diversity of interactions among the studied factors, which directly influenced the efficiencies of trinexapac-ethyl and N fertilization on the wheat crop. The genetic factor associated with the environmental conditions are the main determinants of the agronomic characteristics of the wheat plants, and of the physiological characteristics of the produced seeds, standing out from the effects of N fertilization and trinexapac-ethyl application.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da produção e consumo de peixes da região do Norte Pioneiro do Paraná
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2016-04-11) Antonucci, Miguel Cesar; Porto, Petrônio Pinheiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2999-7612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751366795715746; Zanoni, Marco Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6325098878081601; Igarashi, Marco Antonio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1987234286760441; Barrero, Nelson Mauricio Lopera; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7154-5134; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1711993882284377; Salvador, Rogério; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8305553541747517; Porto, Emília de Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2808-2533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7968074715970358
With the reduction of fish stocks and aquaculture remains as great alternative tomeet the global demand for fish consumption. Thus, the present study aims to carryout a diagnosis of fish production and consumption in order to verify relevantvariables that serve to develop the aquaculture activity of Pioneer North of Paraná.For this work two questionnaires were applied to study, the first to define the profileof the consumers and the second, the profile of fish farms. To perform the profile ofconsumers were selected the municipalities of Andirá, Bandeirantes, Cambara,Cornelio Procópio, Itambaracá and Santo Antonio da Platina. The questionnaire wasprepared with 17 multiple-choice questions and was applied to 346 respondents. Itwas observed that 92% consume fish, with an average consumption of 18 kg /person / year, the main difficulties for increased consumption of fish, 30% chose theprice and 30% availability. The preferred species is the Nile tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus) to 68%, the form of purchase is the fillet to 61%. In research to know theprofile of the Pioneer North of Paraná fish farms, the selected municipalities wereAndirá, Assai, Alligator Bar, Cambara, Itambaracá and Santo Antonio da Platina.They applied a total of 62 questionnaires, structured in 26 multiple-choice questions,divided into questions to characterize the fish farm, which was raised to 55% are inbusiness for over 10 years. The characterization of fish farms was identified that 78%is excavated tanks and 81% small. As for the technological level, 54% of fish farmsexcavated tanks have productivity less than 5000 kg / ha and 57% have no technicalsupport. Concerning the organizational level, 74% said they did not participate in anykind of organization, on the main barriers way in conducting the activity, 41% citedmarketing and 43% said that cost of production. In conclusion therefore the need fortechnological development of fish farms, and organized producers have conditions tosolve marketing issues and production costs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da reação de cultivares de feijão comum a isolados monospóricos de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli
(Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, 2021-08-30) Carvalho, Bruna Martins; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Carvalho, Mayra Costa da Cruz Gallo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1559-3828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2844751503530944; Sauer, Aline Vanessa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3164-9710; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3853729166385893; Pedrinho, Denise Renata; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-6126; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613493540842437
Fusarium wilt, a vascular disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli (Fop), is one of the main diseases that affect the common bean. The disease significantly reduces grain production, leading to crop yield losses. So far, the most efficient method to control the disease is the use of cultivars that contain resistance genes, or at least cultivars that are tolerant to the pathogen. However, the high variability of the fungus may pose a problem for the development of genetic improvement programs for resistance to Fusarium wilt. In this sense, the objective of the present work was to characterize the reaction to different monosporic Fop isolates, obtained from symptomatic plants collected from crops in Paraná (IPR7.8, APR1.1 and APR2.10), Minas Gerais (PMG2.6 and PMG5.9) and the isolate provided by the IAC institute (IAC9453) in different common bean cultivars. The evaluation of the isolates was carried out in 11 cultivars, being 8 commercial and 3 differentiating. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with inoculation of Fop isolates by immersing the roots in conidia suspension. The design used was completely randomized, with 4 replications, 11 genotypes and 6 isolates, and disease symptoms were evaluated at 7, 14, 21, 28 and 32 days after inoculation. In each evaluation, the reaction of the cultivars against the isolates was attributed based on the CIAT scale. The mean scores obtained from the 32-day evaluation after inoculation were subjected to statistical analysis from which it was found that the group of cultivars that showed resistance and intermediate reactions to the isolates were: Bem-te-vi, Campos Gerais, Curió, Diacol, Tuning, Eldorado, Tangará and Tuiuiú. Cultivar Tuiuiú was the highlight of the most resistant cultivars. Rosinha G2, Preto Uberabinha and IPA6 were more susceptible to Fop isolates. The present isolates were not highly aggressive, however IPR7.8, PMG5.9 and IAC9453 were more virulent. From the results obtained, it is possible to suggest that there are at least 2 Fop races sampled in this study and that they are most likely races 1 and 2. Thus, considering that only 6 isolates were tested in this study, the indication of the occurrence of 2 different races between them suggests that there is great variability. Furthermore, the results obtained here show that there is good resistance to Fusarium wilt among common bean cultivars planted in the regions of greatest importance for the crop in Brazil.